L14 - the immune response to placental malaria

Question 1

What are the life cyle stages of malaria?

Answer 1

Sporazoite enters blood

goes to liver

replicates and makes gametocytes that reenter the blood

endothelial adhesin

placental adhesions

Question 2

What causes the decline in deaths as one ages?

Answer 2

acquisition of a wide range of antibodies that can detect the parasite

Question 3

Cytoadhesion plays an important role in the parasites ability to….

Answer 3

escape clearnace by the spleen and contributes to the development of some severe malaria syndromes including pacental malaria

Question 4

What is cytoadhesion of the infected RBC largely due to?

Answer 4

expressio of parasite proteins on the surface of the RBC, such as PfEMP1 (encoded b the var genes, of which there are 60 different variants)

Question 5

PfEMP1 has a different function depending on its…

Answer 5

bind partner

Serum proteins, endothelium, T cells

Question 6

true or false

the bind of variant surface antigens on the surface of the infected RBC, such as PfEMP1, to host cells (e.g endothelial cells, immune cells) only has consequences for the host cell

Answer 6

false

the bind of variant surface antigens on the surface of the infected RBC, such as PfEMP1, to host cells (e.g endothelial cells, immune cells) has consequences for the host cell and the PARASITE

Question 7

_______ appears to be a key factor in the development of adverse outcomes associated with placental malaria

Answer 7

inflammation

Question 8

What is Gravidity?

Answer 8

the number of times a woman has been pregnant

Question 9

What two ways may antibodies recognising the pregnancy specific P. faliparum can enhance protection?

Answer 9

1. Block adhesion to infected RBC to the placenta

2. Allow uptake and removal of the infected RNA by phagocytosis

Question 10

intervillositis is associated with…

Answer 10

poor pregnancy outcomes

ahesion malaria in placneta

Question 11

Important

true or false

Malaria during pregnancy is not always detected by readily available techniques and submicroscopic malaria may be contributing to pooor birth outcomes

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Peak prevalence of material P.falicparum infections occur __-__ weeks gestation

Answer 12

13-18 weeks

Question 13

What is the evidence for altered placental development?

Answer 13

infection in early pregnancy associated with increased risk of low birth weight

ultrasound studies show impaired utero-placental blood flow

Question 14

Malaria early in pregnancy may disrupt the development of the _____and this may lead to placental insufficiency and __growth restriction

Answer 14

Malaria early in pregnancy may disrupt the development of the placenta and this may lead to placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction

Question 15

Peak parasitemia conincides with _____development

Answer 15

Peak parasitemia conincides with placental development

Question 16

ultrasound studies show altered ____ ____ in the placenta of p.falciparum-infected women

Answer 16

ultrasound studies show altered blood flow in the placenta of p.falciparum-infected women

Question 17

In vitro studies show restricted movement of ______in the presense of the plasma from women with malaria

Answer 17

In vitro studies show restricted movement of trophoblasts in the presense of the plasma from women with malaria

Question 18

What is CSA?

Answer 18

family of glycosaminoglycans prsent in the placenta durinthe 2/3 trimester - reduce ROS and promote tissue repair and suppress immune response

Question 19

true or false

CSA can suppress the monocyte response to infected RBCs

Answer 19

true

binding of CSA by the parasite may be an immune strategy