L13 - Treatment and prevention of malaria Flashcards
Which species of malaria causes the most deaths?
plasmodium falciparum
Which species of malaria associated with severe disease alongside plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
Which species of malarian is acquired via mosquitoes from monkeys?
P. knowlesi
how has malaria been found worldwide and how has it changed? what has been responsible
there are los of countries that WERE infected with malaria, NY, boston, toronto, northern Australia
mainly improvements in living conditions that has killed it in developed areas, moreso than medical advances
__ million episodes in 2014 - most in ___, but burden in __ higher than realised
214 million episodes in 2014 - most in africa, but burden in asia higher than realised
true or false
the burden of malaria is predominantly in children under 5, pregnant women and their babies
true
major financial burden on exposed communities
How does severe malaria present in african children?
severe anaemia
acidosis may accompany - urgent transfusion needed
cerebral malaria in older kids usually - peak 3-4 years - paraistes in the brain cause coma
complications:
hypoglycaemia
convulsions
What is the mortality of childen with severe malaria in africa
10-15%
quite high, even with drugs
Why do some people get severe malaria?
Host - RBC genetics, for instance if heterozygous for sickle cell allele = good
parasite - the proteins they export to stick to endothelial cells
Environment - availability of drugs
in africa _ in 4 women have placental malaria
There are ____ maternal anaemia deaths
1 in 4
10000 maternal anaemia deaths
true or false malaria is the leading preventable cause of LBW in africa
true
How can we prevent malaria?
control the vector - mosquite repellent, insecticide treated bed nets (reduce by 20%, transmission, 90%). Indoor residual spraying
Drugs - low dose in foods, but frequent drugs prevent immunity.
Vaccines - 47% reduction in svere malaria
intermittent preventititve treatment in pregnancy
seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children
What is an ideal drug for malaria prevention?
safe, cheap, single dose, long half-life, effective, stable (for transport)
What are some interventions for pregnant women?
antenatal care
bed nets
intermittent preventititve treatment in pregnancy
What is intermittent preventititve treatment in pregnancy?
the delivery of a treatment dose of an antimalarial at pre-specified times, regardless of the presence of symptoms or infection
WHO plicy for africa: at leasat 3 doses at least a month apart
