L14 - SP6 - Fill in the blanks only Flashcards
Why is data on the role of prevention in reducing cancer related costs underestimated?
Lack of data on long term costs.
Direct cost
Value of goods and services for which payment was made and resources were used as a result of illness.
Indirect cost
Time and economic output lost or given up due to disease
Examples of direct costs
Hospital care, beds, drugs, physicians and healthcare workers, care in other health-related institutions, and blood products.
A lack of health insurance prevents many Americans from….
receiving optimal cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
What is the cost of cancer in Canada?
4.4 billion
In Canada, are most costs direct or indirect?
direct
Who determines what is medically necessary?
The proviences
Additional care and services may be paid for in combination by…
provincial policies, private insurance, and patients/families. And financial aid can be applied for in certain cases.
Cancer expenses are 100% covered by the Canadian government in what provinces?
Sask., Alberta, BC, Nunavut, and by the federal plans, if the drug is listed on the formulary.
Active care
treatments for the cancer itself
Supportive care
treatments for side-effects from the medications used to treat the cancer.
Which phase of cancer overall seems most costly?
Continuing care
Which cancer has the highest initial care costs?
Breast
Which cancer has the highest continuing care costs?
Breast and prostate.
Which cancer has the highest last year of life costs?
Pancreatic
What is the cost to develop a cancer medication from beginning to approval?
$500 million to $2 billion
How long does it take to develop a cancer medication?
15 years
In Canada, who approves drugs that have been developed?
Health Canada
Phase I Trial
First studies in people. Evaluate how a drug should be given, how often, and what dose is safe.
Phase II Trial
Continues to test safety. Begins to evaluate how well the drug works.
