L14 Intro to Nervous System Flashcards
What is the importance of nervous system?
Help maintain the homeostasis of the human body
What is the nervous system grouped as?
CNS ( consists of brain and spinal cord )
PNS ( consisting of all the nerves outside brain and spinal cord )
Brain consists of _________, _________,_________,________.
Cerebrum ( 2 hemispheres )
Diencephalon ( thalamus & hypothalamus )
Brain stem ( midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata )
Cerebellum
Spine consists of ____________.
Spinal Cord
Function of cerebrum
-Conscious thought processes
-Memory storage and processing
-Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
Function of Thalamus
Relays and processes sensory information
Function of Hypothalamus
-Controls emotions,autonomic functions and hormone production
Function of Midbrain
-Processes visual and auditory data
-Generates somatic motor responses
-Maintains consciousness
Function of Pons
-Relay sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
Functions of Medulla Oblongata
-Relays sensory information to thalamus and other portions of brainstem
-Controls autonomic functions ( respiratory, digestive )
Function of Cerebellum
-Coordinates complex somatic motor movements
The cerebrum is the ________ component of the brain. Divides into ______ and ______ hemispheres
largest
right, left
The ___________ is the collection of white matter fibers that joins the 2 hemispheres.
corpus callosum
What is the function of frontal lobe?
motor area involved in movement, planning & coordinating behaviour
What is the function of parietal lobe?
sensory perception, processing and language
What is the function of temporal lobe?
auditory perception, speech, complex visual perceptions
What is the function of occipital lobe?
visual center, processing visual information
Spinal cord is located within the ____________.
vertebral canal
Spinal cord extends from the_______ as the continuation of the medulla oblongata to the level of the _________ of the _________.
foramen magnum
lower border, first lumbar vertebra ( 45 cm)
The spinal cord is _______ in shape
cylindrical
White matter consists of __________
myelinated axons of many neurons
Grey matter consists of ______,_____,_______,______ and _______
neuron cell bodies
dendrites
unmyelinated axons
axon terminals
neuroglia
The PNS consists of what nerves?
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
enteric plexus
How many spinal nerves are there?
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
total: 31 pairs
8th spinal nerve passes between ____ and ____ vertebrae
C7, T1
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs:
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory ( Vestibulo-cochlear )
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal
PNS is composed of _____ division which has receptors and _____ division which has somatic and autonomic nervous system
sensory, motor
Chemoreceptors are located in the _____ and _______.
Medulla oblongata, carotid and aortic bodies
What do the chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata do?
respond to change in the hydrogen ion and CO2 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid by altering rate and depth of respiration
What do the chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies do?
monitor the concentration of CO2 and O2 in the arterial blood of the carotid arteries and aorta
Baroreceptors are __________ that are activated by ___________ vessel wall stretch
mechano-sensors
pressure-induced
Baroreceptors are located in ______ and _____.
aortic arch
carotid sinuses
What are the special sensory receptors?
Smell: olfactory nerve fibers
Taste: taste buds
Vision: rods and cones in retina
Hearing: Hair cells in cochlea
The somatic nervous system controls __________ movement of skeletal muscles
voluntary
The autonomic nervous system controls ________ processes such as heartbeat and glandular activity
involuntary
Autonomic nervous system is divided into ________ and _________.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What does Sympathetic nervous system do?
During emergency response and fight or flight
What does Parasympathetic nervous system do?
When the body is at rest or with normal functions
