L13 Classification of Joints / Synovial Joints Flashcards
What is joint ( articulation or arthrosis ) ?
A point of contact between 2 bones, between bone and cartilage or between bone and teeth
What are the classification of joints based on structural joint ?
-Fibrous joints
-Cartilaginous joints
-Synovial joints
Fibrous joints are joint in which bones are joined together by ____________
fibrous CT
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
-Sutures
-Syndesmoses
-Gomphosis
Suture is a fibrous joint composed of ____________ called ______________ and found only between ______________.
a thin layer fibrous CT
sutural ligament
bones of the skull
Syndesmoses is where ________ are joined by a CT which forms an ________________
2 bones
interosseous membrane
Suture is synarthrotic which means?
Immovable
Syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic which means?
Slightly movable
Examples of sutures:
-coronal suture
-sagittal suture
-lambdoid suture
Examples of syndesmosis:
Radioulnar joints
Gomphosis is the union of a _____________ and a _____________.
cone-shaped bony process
bony socket
Examples of gomphosis?
Teeth are attached to jaw bone by periodontal ligament
Cartilaginous joint is connected by ______________ or ______________
hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
-Primary cartilaginous ( Synchondrosis )
-Secondary cartilaginous ( Symphysis )
Synchondrosis is where bones are united by bands of __________ which ossifies as a result of growth.
hyaline cartilage
Example of Synchondrosis
Sternum and first rib
Symphysis is when articular surfaces of bones are connected by a ___________
fibrocartilage
Examples of Symphysis
-Intervertebral disc
-Symphysis pubis
The bones of synovial joint are held together by a __________
fibrous joint capsule
The articular surfaces of synovial joint are covered by ______________
hyaline cartilage
The joint capsule of synovial joints maybe thickened in certain parts to form ____________
ligaments
The capsule of synovial joint is lined by ____________
synovial membrane
The synovial membrane secretes ____________
synovial fluid
What causes osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease due to mechanical stress
Function of joint capsule?
Holds bones of a synovial joint together attached to periosteum around circumference of each bone of the joint near its articular surface
Functions of ligaments?
-reinforce joint capsule
-help bind articular bones together
The inner layer of joint capsule is called _________________
synovial membrane
Function of synovial membrane?
Covers all surfaces within the synovial cavity EXCEPT those covered by articular cartilage
Synovial fluid is a _____________ that lubricates joint cavity
clear viscous fluid
Functions of synovial fluid?
-supply nutrients to articular cartilage
-provide immune function
_____________ is attached to outer fibrous layer of joint capsule and may divide synovial cavity into 2 compartments
Meniscus
Functions of meniscus?
-cushions articulating surfaces
-helps distribute body weight on the surfaces
Example of meniscus?
Menisci of knee joints
What is enclosed, fluid-filled sacs, contains synovial fluid, is the inner lining of synovial membrane and acts as a cushion?
Bursae
What are the classifications of synovial joints according to their axis of movement?
-Uniaxial
-Biaxial
-Multiaxial
What is the uniaxial joint around a vertical axis
Pivot joint
What is the uniaxial joint around a transverse axis
Hinge joint
What is uniaxial joints?
Allow movement around a single axis
What are the movements of hinge joints?
Flexion & Extension
What are the movements of pivot joints?
Rotation, Pronation and Supination
Example of hinge joint
-Elbow joint
-Interphalangeal joints
Example of pivot joint
-Superior radioulnar joint
-Atlantoaxial joint
What is biaxial joints?
Allow movement around 2 axes
What are the types of biaxial joints?
Ellipsoid Joints and Saddle Joints
What are the movements of ellipsoid joints?
-Flexion and Extension
-Abduction and Adduction
What are the movements of saddle joints?
-Flexion and Extension
-Abduction and Adduction
-Slight rotation
Examples of ellipsoid joints
-Wrist joint
-Metacarpal joints
Examples of saddle joints
-Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
What are multiaxial joints?
Allow movements around multiple axes
What is the type of multiaxial joint?
Ball and socket joint
What is the movement of ball and socket joint?
Circumduction
Examples of ball and socket joints
-Shoulder joint
-Hip joint
______________ has flat articular surfaces, allow sliding movements and is represented by intercarpal and intertarsal joints
Plane Joints
_____________have rich nerve supply whereas __________ have poor nerve supply
capscule and ligaments
cartilage
A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscle moving the joint and the skin over the insertions of these muscles is called ___________
Hilton’s Law
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an ______________ disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its own ____________
autoimmune
cartilage and joint linings
Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by bilateral inflammation of the joint which causes?
-swelling
-pain
-loss of function
