L12 Gross anatomy of Muscles and Bones Flashcards
Skeletal muscles produce movements by exerting force on __________ , which in turn pull on bones or other structures ( such as skin )
tendons
How are skeletal muscles described?
-Origin
-Insertion
-Nerve supply ( Innervation )
-Action (s)
Proximal attachments of muscle is called __________
Distal attachments of muscle is called ___________
origin
insertion
When the origin is from more than 1 bone, it is called ________
eg: biceps, triceps, quadriceps
heads
The motor nerve supplying the muscle is described as _________
nerve supply
Damage to motor nerve may result in ____________
paralysis
Skeletal muscles are supplied by:
-cranial nerves
-spinal nerves
What are the muscles that contract during a single joint movement?
-Prime mover ( main muscle to produce movement )
-Synergists ( support the movement )
-Antagonists ( oppose the movement )
Fixators ( prevent undesired movements )
What does PRICE therapy for muscle tears ( pull, strain ) stand for?
P-protection
R-rest
I-ice
C-compression ( via a wrap )
E-elevation ( of the limb )
Functions of bone?
-stores 97% total calcium of body and phosphorus
-protection
-forms framework of body
-provides levers for muscles
-skull: brain
-vertebral column: spinal cord
-thoracic cage: thoracic viscera & upper abdominal viscera
-pelvis: reproductive organs
Ends of long bones, sternum, ribs and iliac crests contain ________ which are responsible for haemopoiesis
red bone marrow
What are the classification of appendicular?
-upper limb bones
-lower limb bones
What are the classification of axial ?
-skull bones
-vertebrae
-ribs
-sternum
How many total adult skeletons do we have?
206
axial= 80
appendicular=126
What does the vertebral column consist of? ( 26 bones )
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacral
coccyx
Classification of bones according to shape ( 6) :
Long bones - humerus, femur
Short bones- carpal and tarsal
Flat bones- skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones- pelvic, vertebrae
Sesamoid bones - patella , pisiform
Pneumatic bones - maxilla
Epiphysis before union is supplied by __________
epiphyseal arteries
Diaphysis/shaft & metaphysis is supplied by ____________that mostly supplies marrow, and __________
Nutrient artery, Periosteal arteries
What does the thoracic cage consists of?
12 pairs of ribs
sternum
flattened bone of anterior chest
Damage to epiphysis leads to _________
stunted growth
