L14. Diabetes

Question 1

metmorfin

Answer 1

• agent that reduces insulin resistance
• considered the initial medication of choice for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes
• suppresses hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis
• improves insulin sensitivity
• It decreases food intake and body weight BUT IS NOT FOR WEIGHT LOSS
• strong effect on thr gut microbiota

Question 2

amylin analogues

Answer 2

• agent that reduces insulin resistance
• used for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
• slows gastric emptying –> promotes satiety
• inhibits glucagon secretion from alpha cells
• reduces liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
• improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues

Question 3

exenatide

Answer 3

• insulin secretagogue
• incretin analog
• GLP-1 receptor agonist –> increases insulin transcription
• increases insulin secretion

Question 4

gliflozins

Answer 4

• anti-hyperglycemic agent
• blocks sodium/glucose 2 cotransporter -> increases osmotic diuresis, urine volume and decreases Na2+ reabsorption
• more glucose is excreted in urine
• has CV benefits bc it decreases pre-load
• side effects: yeast infection cs bacteria like to grow on sugar
• has protective effects on the kidney

Question 5

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 5

• anti-hyperglycemic agent
• Acarbose and miglitol competitively INHIBIT alpha-glucosidase enzyme that DEGRADE STARCH INTO GLUCOSE therefore less glucose is absorbed by the GIT after meal
  They decrease glucose absorption mediated by ion channels and transporters

Question 6

semaglutide

Answer 6

• insulin secretagogue
• incretin analog
• GLP-1 receptor agonist –> increases insulin transcription
• increases insulin secretion
• has a different DPP-IV binding site than GLP-1 + has lipid so can bind albumin so they can stay in blood stream longer