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Immuno Exam 2 > L14-15 > Flashcards

L14-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Th0

A

precursor to Th1, Th2, Th17

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2
Q

Th1

A

cell-mediated immune response

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3
Q

Th2

A

antibody mediated immune response

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4
Q

CD44

A

adhesion molecules that helps home lymphoid progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus, along with chemokines

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5
Q

RAG-1, RAG-2

A

expressed by the lymphoid precursors one they have entered the thymic cortex, responsible for rearranging beta chain genes of the TCR

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6
Q

Pre-T cell surface molecules

A

beta chain, pre-Talpha, CD3, and zeta chain to make up the pre-TCR

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7
Q

Thymocyte surface molecules

A

rearranged alpha and beta chains, CD4 AND CD8, CD3

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8
Q

Double positive cell

A

thymocyte that expresses both CD4 and CD8

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9
Q

Positive selection of thymocytes

A

in thymic cortex, epithelial cells expressing both HLA I and II bind CD4 and CD8 with a critical affinity, too much or too little results in apoptosis

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10
Q

positive selection results in

A

thymocytes with HLA-restriction or educated thymocytes that respond only to “self” HLA + antigen, capable of autoimmunity

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11
Q

Negative selection of thymocytes

A

dendritic cells at the cortico-medullary junction weeds out self-reactive T cells through apoptosis or T cell anergy

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12
Q

Negative selection results in

A

thymocytes that are self-tolerant

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13
Q

Mature T cells possess

A

alpha/beta TCR, CD3, and CD4 or CD8, self-HLA restricted, self-tolerant, foreign antigenic peptide specific

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14
Q

What T cells develop independent of thymus?

A

gamma/delta TCR T cells, not HLA-restricted, do not possess CD4 or CD8

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15
Q

Activation of naive T cells begins when

A

A-laden dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes from tissues through HEV and act as APC

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16
Q

CCL21

A

chemokine produced by epithelial cells to help home naive T cells to HEV with APC

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17
Q

CCL18

A

chemokine produced by dendritic cells to help home naive T cells to HEV with APC

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18
Q

T cell activatio occurs when

A

they recognized self HLA-antigen complex

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19
Q

lymphoblast

A

activated enlarged T lymphocytes

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20
Q

T cell function

A

deal with intracellular antigens, produce cytokines, cytotoxicity

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21
Q

TCR

A

alpha-beta heterodimer with variable regions (Valpha and Vbeta) to form the Ag binding site

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22
Q

CD-3

A

T cell specific: chaperone for TCR to the cell surface, cellular signaling molecule

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23
Q

zeta chains

A

not T cell specific, mostly intracellular and associated with CD3, involved in signaling

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24
Q

ITAMs

A

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs: sets off activation cascade of events

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25
Q

CD4+ activation causes transcription of

A

IL-2 and IL-2R

26
Q

IL-2

A

acts as a growth factor and causes lymphoblasts to enter G1

27
Q

effector T cell

A

influence the adaptive immune response by producing cytokines

28
Q

memory cells

A

fewer activation requirements

29
Q

Co-receptors

A

CD4 and CD8, mutually exclusive in MATURE lymphocytes; adhesion molecules and signal transducers

30
Q

B7

A

APC accessory molecule necessary to activate naive T cells

31
Q

CD 28

A

T cell accessory molecule necessary to activate naive T cells

32
Q

Th0

A

precursor to Th1, Th2, Th17; produce IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma

33
Q

Th1 produces

A

IL-2 and IFN-gamma

34
Q

What cytokines promote Th1 differentiation

A

IL-12 (APC) and IFN-gamma (NK cells)

35
Q

Th1 function

A

cell-mediated type 1 response, activation of NK cells, CTL, macrophages, Th1, B cell isotope switch to IgG3

36
Q

Th2 produces

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13

37
Q

What cytokines promote Th2 differentiation

A

IL-4 (mast cell, NK cell, dendritic cell)

38
Q

Th2 function

A

humoral immune response type 2, B cell isotope switch to IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, IgA, IgE, activate Th2, recruit granulocytes

39
Q

Th17 produces

A

IL-17, IL-21, IL-22

40
Q

What cytokines promote Th17 differentiation

A

IL-6, IL1beta, IL-23 (APC)

41
Q

Th17 function

A

autoimmune response, increased neutrophil production

42
Q

Treg produces

A

TGF-beta, IL-10, IL-4

43
Q

What cytokines promote Treg differentiation

A

CD25 and FoxP3

44
Q

Examples of diseases resolving from Th1

A

TB, chlamydia, IC parasites, and HIV

45
Q

Examples of diseases resolving from Th2

A

pneumococcal, pneumonia, diptheria, helminthic parasites, meningococcal

46
Q

Th1 responses can cause diseases

A

silicosis, delayed hypersensitivities, contact hypersensitivities, TB leprosy

47
Q

Th2 responses can cause diseases

A

asthma, allergies, systemic lupus erythematosis, lepromatous leprosy

48
Q

Th 17 responses can cause disease

A

RA, MS, psoriasis

49
Q

What is required for activation of CTL effectors

A

IL-2 (Th0) from neighboring active CTLs and co-stimulation of CD28

50
Q

Granule mediated killing

A

cytoplasmic granules from CTL effector cells are exocytosed directly onto cell membrane (perforin, granzymes, cytokines, fragmentin)

51
Q

perforin

A

in CTL granules, polymerizes with Ca on cell membrane to form channels, increase cell permeability and eventually lead to cell death (similar to C9)

52
Q

Cytokines within CTL granules:

A

TNF-beta (lymphotoxin), TNF-alpha

53
Q

Granzymes within CTL granules

A

enzymes that play a role in cell lysis

54
Q

Fragmentin

A

granzyme enzyme that causes DNA fragmentation and causes apoptosis

55
Q

Fas-FasL CTL killing mechanism

A

FasL on CTL binds Fas on APC, caspases induce apoptosis of target cell

56
Q

NK cells are

A

CD16/CD56+, do not require APC, sensitization

57
Q

KIRs

A

killer cell inhibitor receptors: bind MHC molecules to prevent lysis, if MHC is down regulated, KIR doesn’t bind and apoptosis occurs with perforins and granzymes

58
Q

NK activity is unregulated by

A

IL-2, IFN-gamma

59
Q

NK function

A

defense against tumors, first line of defense against intracellular infections

60
Q

ADCC

A

Killer cells that possess Fc receptors for IgG (NK, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and CTL)

61
Q

NK cell ADCC

A

CD16 binds IgG Fc molecules, then becomes cytotoxic

62
Q

Macrophage cytotoxicity

A

when activated by IFN-gamma, lysosomal contents are released or TNF-alpha is used to induce apoptosis, NO and ROS can be cytotoxic as well

Immuno Exam 2 (6 decks)

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