L13 Transplantation & Rejection Flashcards
What is an autograft?
A graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual’s body
What is an isograft?
A graft of tissue between genetically identical individuals
What is an allograft?
A graft of tissue between different members of the same species
What is a xenograft?
A graft of tissue between members of different species
What will determine whether or not the rejection occurs?
The genetic relationship between the donor and the recipient
Which type of graft rejection is generally associated with genetic disparity between the donor and the recipient?
Chronic
In which part of the genome is there the most genetic variation between humans?
Non-coding part
The primary difference between individuals is in the…
amino acid sequence of their MHC proteins, both MHC I and II
What happens to antigens from the donor organ (graft)?
They are picked up by the recipient’s dendritic cells and presented as ‘foreign antigens’ to CTLs and Th cells in lymph nodes.
What is crucial for successful transplantation?
Good matching of donor (graft) and recipient MHC
The closer the HLA typing between donor (graft) and recipient the better: True or False
True
Most immunosuppressive therapies target the production or inhibition of…
IL-2
Cyclosporin is derived from
soil fungus Tolypocladium tsukubaensis
Tacrolimus is derived from
soil bacterium Streptomyces tsukubaensis
Cyclosporin and Tacrolimus both inhibit production of __ by T cells
IL-2
What is a monoclonal antibody against IL-2?
Basiliximab
Mycophenolate is derived from
a fungus from spoiled corn, Penicillium glaucum
Steroids are routinely used as a therapy to prevent organ rejection: True or False
False
How does mycophenolate work?
Inhibits B & T cell proliferation by reversibly inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, thereby inhibiting purine biosynthesis pathway
Who is considered high risk of organ rejection?
Patients with detectable anti-HLA antibodies, and those who have previously rejected a transplant
Who are low-risk patients for organ rejection?
Recipients of first transplants without evidence of antibodies to HLA/MHC antigens
IL-2 is mainly produced by what cells?
CD4+ Th cells
IL-2 production leads to…
T cell activation and immune activation
Cyclosporin and Tacrolimus induce __
immunosuppression
they also have insecticidal and anti-fungal activities
