L13 - MSK diseases Flashcards
What are bursa?
Synovial membrane lined pockets which allow free movement of adjacent structures where there might have otherwise been friction
What are entheses?
Where tendons, ligaments or joint capsules insert into bone e.g. largest site = achilles tendon
Osteoporosis is
reduced bone density
Osteomalacia is
poor bone mineralisation
Osteomyelitis is
bone infection
Osteosarcoma is
an example of malignant bone tumour
What is myalgia?
Pain in muscles
What is myositis?
Inflammation of the muscles
What is a joint?
Where two or more bones meet each other
How do you diagnose a MSK disorder?
Full history & physical examination are usually enough to make a diagnosis
Serological tests can be used to confirm diagnosis
Mono arthritis is?
Arthritis affecting one joint
Oligoarthritis is?
Arthritis affecting 2-4 joints
Polyarthritis is?
Arthritis affecting 5 or more joints
You are asked to review a patient presenting with thenar eminence atrophy. Which nerve do you think is affected?
Median nerve
Tennis elbow affects which epicondyle?
Lateral epicondyle
Which epicondyle does golfer’s elbow affect?
Medial epicondyle
Carpal tunnel is:
Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
Which do you think is the most common form of arthritis in the UK?
Rheumatoid arthritis,
Osteoarthritis
All of the above
All of the above
How much do you estimate the NHS in the UK spends a year on treating MSK conditions?
10 billion
You are asked to review a 35 year old male who presents with 2 days history of painful, swollen right knee. What are your differential diagnoses? Septic arthritis Gout Post traumatic haemoarthrosis All of the above
All of the above
What should you always consider with a hot, swollen joint?
Joint aspiration
Gram stain
When should you consider septic arthritis?
When there is usually a single, hot swollen joint
What are the mortality rates in septic arthritis?
11%
50% in polyarticular disease with sepsis
What are the most common organisms that might cause septic arthritis?
Staph aureus
Streptococcus
What is the most common inflammatory arthropathy worldwide?
Gout
In patients with gout, serum urate levels are above what level?
Saturation level which is 408 micromol/ litre
In gout where do monosodium urate crystals form & deposit?
Cartilage
Bone
Periarticular tissues of peripheral joints
What crystals are you expecting to find in the knee fluid aspirated from the patient with a hot, swollen knee joint if you suspect that he has clinical gout?
Monosodium urate
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A common, chronic, multi system inflammatory condition
Does RA affect more men or women?
Women 3:1
In rheumatoid arthritis which is the first joint component affected?
Cartilage
Synovium
Bone
Synovium
In osteoarthritis what is the first joint component affected?
Cartilage
What is the most important environmental risk factor in RA?
Smoking
Is there a clinical correlation between the radiological changes & symptoms in OA?
No
