L12 - atheroscleosis

Question 1

what is atherosoclerosis

Answer 1

process thta dmages the major arteries and leads to CVD

Question 2

types of cardiovascular disease (CVD0

Answer 2

acute coronary,

cerebovascular and peripheral vascular

Question 3

location of athero occurace

Answer 3

in large arteries only

- esp where TF occur

Question 4

eg of major artieries where athero occur

Answer 4

coronary, carotid, renal and femorla artieries

Question 5

formation of atherogenesis

Answer 5

the plaque forms in the artery due to a lipid build up

• the fibrous cap holding the plaque in thins out
• ruptures, releasing plaqur into the lumen
• the plaque fills up the lumen so llumen is smaller

Question 6

cells involved in the athero plaques

Answer 6

endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells ~~(SMC), plateltets, macrophages (Mo) and Thelper cells

Question 7

function of endothelial cells

Answer 7

• smooth, anti thromgenic vessel wall
• express cell adhesion molecules
• secretes mediators for vasocon and vaso dil

Question 8

factors released by endothelial cells

Answer 8

-vasodilators (NO

), vasocon, antithrombotic, prothrombotic

Question 9

role of platelets

Answer 9

• repairs endothelial cells

- ahere to sub endothelium

Question 10

role of SMC in athero

Answer 10

-secrete elastin and collagens in stabel plaques so they are less likely to rupture

Question 11

role of Mo in the athero process

Answer 11

once Mo are differentiated from monocytes
- they consume LDL via scavenger receptor
s
- becomes MO foam cells
- release factors including enzmymes inducing SMC apoptosis and breaking down collagen
- results in thinning of the cap and rupture of the plauq e

Question 12

two factors involvd in the stability of the athero plaque stability

Answer 12

repair of SMC (plaque stability) and inflammation of Mo (plaque rupture)
- if they aren’t balanced, rupture happens

Question 13

types of lipoproteins

Answer 13

VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL

Question 14

wich lipoprtiens are atherogeneic

Answer 14

VLDL, IDL, LDL

not HDL

Question 15

what is associated with high plasma levels of LDL

Answer 15

athero and risk of CVD

-risk decreased by medical intervention like statin and lifestyle changes

Question 16

what is relative risk

Answer 16

likelihood of developing coronary heart disease regardless of the with the risk factor or without it

Question 17

what is absolute risk factor

Answer 17

-prob of devlopeing coronary heart disease in a time peroid

Question 18

risk factors yiu can chnages to decrease the risk for coronary heart disease

Answer 18

plasma LDL chol
BP 
obesity 
smoking 
diabetes

Question 19

risk factors yiu cant chnages to decrease the risk for coronary heart disease

Answer 19

family history, age

, gender

Question 20

complications of athero plauqes

Answer 20

thrombosis,

embolism, aneurysm