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Unit 2 Pharm II > L12+13: Diuretics > Flashcards

L12+13: Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

If you’re taking lithium, you can’t take…

A

thiazide diuretics reduce the clearance of lithium, causing toxicity

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2
Q

Reduced insulin secretion

can cause hyperglycemia in DM

A

thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperuricemia

A

loop diuretics

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4
Q

Main side effect of vaptans

A

hypokalemia

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5
Q

Treats glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide

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6
Q

DOC for hypercalcemia

A

Furosemide (loop)

loops reduce reabsorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ by reducing the K+ gradient

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7
Q

Loop which is most ototoxic

A

Ethacrynic Acid

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8
Q

Diuretic you can’t give to HF patient

A

osmotic diuretics

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9
Q

Drugs which produce hyperkalemia….

A

decrease the toxicity of digoxin

BUT hyperkalemia is toxic itself, causing peaked T waves

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10
Q

Hyperuricemia

A 
thiazide diuretics
(don't give for gout)
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11
Q

What’s the main adverse effect of CA inhibitors?

A

HYPERCHLOREMIC metabolic acidosis

Develops b/c the Na+ loss is in the form of NaHCO3 and not NaCl

Also: hypokalmia due to increases Na+/K+ exchange in the collecting duct causing more K+ excretion

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12
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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13
Q

Thiazide that is metabolized by the liver 50% and the kidneys 50%

A

Indapamide

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14
Q

Loop which ISN’T a sulfonamide

A

Ethacrynic Acid

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15
Q

why do aldosterone antagonists work for hirsutism in females but cause gynecomastia in males?

A

they also inhibit testosterone receptors

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16
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (eye drops)

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17
Q

Central diabetes insipidus DOC

A

Desmopressin

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18
Q

Thiazide which does not increase plasma lipids

A

Indapamide

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19
Q

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

20
Q

Desmopressin activates….

A

Activates V2&raquo_space; V1 ADH receptors

21
Q

DOC for HF

A

Furosemide (loop)

moves large volumes of water

22
Q

Irreversible ototoxicity

A

loop diuretics

23
Q

Irreversible ototoxicity

A

loops

24
Q

best diuretics for low GFR

A

loops

25
Q

Direct inhibitors of Na+ flux

A

Amiloride
Triamterene

aldosterone independent inhibition of Na+/K+ exchange

26
Q

Generally, drugs which produce hypokalemia…

A

increase the toxicity of digoxin

27
Q

K+ sparing diuretics (2)

A

Aldosterone antagonists

Direct inhibitors of Na+ flux

28
Q

Hypokalemia —> hepatic coma in CIRRHOTIC patients

A

Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in cirrhosis

29
Q

Contain sulfa

A

Thiazides
Loops
Acetazolamide

30
Q

Excessive administration of osmotic diuretics

A

extracellular volume expansion —> PULMONARY EDEMA IN HF (CONTRAINDICATED)

31
Q

Don’t mix with aminoglycosides

A

loops (ototoxic)

32
Q

Loops cause hypokalemic metabolic acidosis by

A

inducing K+ and H+ loss at the distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

Demeclocycline used to treat

A

Central diabetes insipidus before vaptans

34
Q

Thiazide with pronounced vasodilation

A

Indapamide

35
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (eye drops)

36
Q

DOC for acute mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

37
Q

Contraindicated in hepatic cirrhosis

A

Acetazolamide
due to decreased ammonia excretion

Thiazides
due to hypokalemia (can cause coma)

38
Q

Osmotic diuretics are given…

A

IV only

39
Q

what do carbonic anhydrase inhibitor cause loss of?

A

Na+ (leading to H2O loss)

40
Q

Hyperaldosteronism DOC

A

spironolactone

41
Q

The only thiazide diuretic which can work at low GFR

A

Metolazone

42
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis

A

loop diuretics

thiazide diuretics

43
Q

DOC pulmonary edema

A

Furosemide (loop)

relieves congestion by increasing systemic venous capacitance

44
Q

Major beneficial effect of thiazides

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle cells —> VASODILATION

45
Q

Diuretic whose effectiveness decreases after a few days

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: Acetazolamide

46
Q

increased prostaglandin synthesis…

A

Loops

Prostaglandins cause vasodilation

Unit 2 Pharm II (13 decks)

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