L11_The arm and elbow Flashcards
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Lateral epicondyle
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Capitulum
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Trochlea
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Medial epicondyle
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Medial Supracondylar Ridge
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Shaft
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Medial epicondyle
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Trochlea
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Lateral epicondyle
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Medial Supracondylar Ridge
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus
Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Radial head (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Radial neck (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Radial Tuberosity (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Shaft (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Trochlear notch (ulna)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Coronoid process (ulna)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Ulnar tuberosity (ulna)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Styloid Process of radius
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Head of Ulna
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(anterior)
Styloid Process of Ulna
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Olecranon (ulna)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Coronoid process (ulna)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Radial head (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Radial neck (radius)
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Styloid Process of Ulna
Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm
(posterior)
Dorsal Tubercle
Describe the elbow joint (classification, articulation, reinforcing ligaments and structures, and movement)
Classification: synovial hinge joint
Articulations:
- Humeroradial -> Capitulum of humerus and head of radius
- Humeroulnar -> Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
Reinforcing structures and ligaments: Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, annular ligament (continuous with fibrous capsule anteriorly)
Movement: Flexion/extension
What happens with the coronoid process when the elbow joint is in flexion?
The coronoid process will tuck itself into the coronoid fossa
Where’s the ulnar collateral ligament?
On the medial side of the elbow joint (ulna side)
From the medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of the ulna
Also it creates a little triangle
Where’s the radial collateral ligament?
On the lateral side of the elbow joint (radius)
From the lateral epicondyle and the radius
More narrow
Where’s the annular ligament?
It’s attached to the ulna and wraps around the head of the radius
Important factors of the anterior compartment of the arm
- flexor compartment
- Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (terminal branche of the brachial plexus)
- “flexion of the forearm at the elbow”
Important factors of the posterior compartment of the arm
- Extensor compartment
- Innervated by the Radial nerve (terminal branche of the brachial plexus)
- “extension of the forearm at the elbow”
Biceps Brachii (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin:
Long head -> supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head -> coracoid process
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Functions:
Primary -> supination
Secondary -> flexion of the forearm at the elbow, accessory flexor of glenohumeral joint
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein
Coracobrachialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: middle shaft of the humerus
Function: flexion and adduction of the arm (glenohumeral joint)
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein
Brachialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin: anterior shaft of humerus
Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein
Brachioradialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of the radius
Functions: Flexion of forearm at the elbow, assists in pronation and supination
Innervation: Radial nerve (C6-C7)
Blood supply: Radial artery
The beer drinking muscle
The musculocutaneous nerve gives innervation to which muscles? any more info?
Gives innervation to the Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis and Brachialis muscles
Pierces coracobrachialis muscle
The musculocutaneous nerve will branch out into the lateral antebrachia cutaneous nerve which will peak out along inferolateral border of the biceps brachii (continues as cutaneous branch in the forearm)
Triceps Brachii (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin:
Long head -> Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head -> Posterior humerus proximal to radial groove
Medial head -> Posterior humerus distal to radial groove
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Functions: elbow extension
(long head -> glenohumeral extension and adduction)
Innervation: Radial nerve
Blood supply: Deep brachial (profunda) artery and vein
Anconeus (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Functions: Elbow extension
Innervation: Radial nerve
Blood supply: deep brachial (profunda) artery and vein
where does the nerves pass in the posterior compartement of the arm?
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Axillary nerve: Passes through the quadrangular space and travels posteriorly along the surgical neck of the humerus
Radial nerve: Passes through the triangular interval (in between the long and lateral head of the triceps brachii) and dives posteriorly along the shaft of the humerus
(travels anterior to lateral epicondyle)
Ulnar nerve: travels posterior to the medial epicondyle
what artery gives blood supply to the anterior and posterior arm?
Anterior arm: Brachial artery
Posterior arm: Deep brachial artery
What passes through the Quadrangular Space, Triangular Interval and Triangular Space
Quadrangular Space: Axillary nerve and Humeral Circumflex artery
Triangular Interval: Radial nerve and deep brachial artery
Triangular Space: Circumflex Scapular artery
Tell me the 7 myotomes of the upper limb so far
Tell me the borders of the cubital fossa
Floor: Brachialis muscle
Medial border: Pronator teres
Lateral border: Brachioradialis
Superior border: Line between the epicondyles
Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis
Tell me the content of the cubital fossa
Tendon (Tendon of biceps brachii)
Artery (Brachial artery)
Nerve (Median nerve)
TAN (from lateral to medial)
Explain the vascular anastommoses around the elbow
- The Deep Brachial artery divides itself from the Brachial artery
- The Deep Brachial artery divides itself in 2 (middle and radial collateral artery)
- The middle and radial artery do an anastomoses with the recurrent interosseous artery and the radial recurrent artery respectively (they come from the radial artery)
- The Brachial artery has 2 branches (superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery)
- The superior and inferior ulnar artery do an anastomoses with the posterior and anterior ulnar recurrent artery respectively (they come from the ulnar artery)
