L11_The arm and elbow

Question 1

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 1

Lateral epicondyle

Question 2

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 2

Capitulum

Question 3

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 3

Trochlea

Question 4

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 4

Medial epicondyle

Question 5

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 5

Medial Supracondylar Ridge

Question 6

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 6

Shaft

Question 7

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 7

Medial epicondyle

Question 8

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 8

Trochlea

Question 9

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 9

Lateral epicondyle

Question 10

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 10

Medial Supracondylar Ridge

Question 11

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the distal humerus

Answer 11

Lateral Supracondylar Ridge

Question 12

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 12

Radial head (radius)

Question 13

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 13

Radial neck (radius)

Question 14

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 14

Radial Tuberosity (radius)

Question 15

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 15

Shaft (radius)

Question 16

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 16

Trochlear notch (ulna)

Question 17

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 17

Coronoid process (ulna)

Question 18

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 18

Ulnar tuberosity (ulna)

Question 19

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 19

Styloid Process of radius

Question 20

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 20

Head of Ulna

Question 21

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(anterior)

Answer 21

Styloid Process of Ulna

Question 22

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(posterior)

Answer 22

Olecranon (ulna)

Question 23

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(posterior)

Answer 23

Coronoid process (ulna)

Question 24

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm

(posterior)

Answer 24

Radial head (radius)

Question 25

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm (posterior)

Answer 25

Radial neck (radius)

Question 26

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm (posterior)

Answer 26

Styloid Process of Ulna

Question 27

Tell me the name of the structure represented by the red arrow on the bones of the forearm (posterior)

Answer 27

Dorsal Tubercle

Question 28

Describe the elbow joint (classification, articulation, reinforcing ligaments and structures, and movement)

Answer 28

Classification: synovial hinge joint Articulations: 1. Humeroradial -\> Capitulum of humerus and head of radius 2. Humeroulnar -\> Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna Reinforcing structures and ligaments: Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, annular ligament (continuous with fibrous capsule anteriorly) Movement: Flexion/extension

Question 29

What happens with the coronoid process when the elbow joint is in flexion?

Answer 29

The coronoid process will tuck itself into the coronoid fossa

Question 30

Where's the ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 30

On the medial side of the elbow joint (ulna side) From the medial epicondyle and the coronoid process of the ulna Also it creates a little triangle

Question 31

Where's the radial collateral ligament?

Answer 31

On the lateral side of the elbow joint (radius) From the lateral epicondyle and the radius More narrow

Question 32

Where's the annular ligament?

Answer 32

It's attached to the ulna and wraps around the head of the radius

Question 33

Important factors of the anterior compartment of the arm

Answer 33

- flexor compartment - Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (terminal branche of the brachial plexus) - "flexion of the forearm at the elbow"

Question 34

Important factors of the posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 34

- Extensor compartment - Innervated by the Radial nerve (terminal branche of the brachial plexus) - "extension of the forearm at the elbow"

Question 35

Biceps Brachii (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 35

Origin: Long head -\> supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Short head -\> coracoid process Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis Functions: Primary -\> supination Secondary -\> flexion of the forearm at the elbow, accessory flexor of glenohumeral joint Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7 Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein

Question 36

Coracobrachialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 36

Origin: coracoid process Insertion: middle shaft of the humerus Function: flexion and adduction of the arm (glenohumeral joint) Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7 Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein

Question 37

Brachialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 37

Origin: anterior shaft of humerus Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7 Blood supply: Brachial artery and vein

Question 38

Brachioradialis (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 38

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Insertion: Styloid process of the radius Functions: Flexion of forearm at the elbow, assists in pronation and supination Innervation: Radial nerve (C6-C7) Blood supply: Radial artery The beer drinking muscle

Question 39

The musculocutaneous nerve gives innervation to which muscles? any more info?

Answer 39

Gives innervation to the Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis and Brachialis muscles Pierces coracobrachialis muscle The musculocutaneous nerve will branch out into the lateral antebrachia cutaneous nerve which will peak out along inferolateral border of the biceps brachii (continues as cutaneous branch in the forearm)

Question 40

Triceps Brachii (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 40

Origin: Long head -\> Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral head -\> Posterior humerus proximal to radial groove Medial head -\> Posterior humerus distal to radial groove Insertion: Olecranon of ulna Functions: elbow extension (long head -\> glenohumeral extension and adduction) Innervation: Radial nerve Blood supply: Deep brachial (profunda) artery and vein

Question 41

Anconeus (origin, insertion, function, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 41

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Olecranon of ulna Functions: Elbow extension Innervation: Radial nerve Blood supply: deep brachial (profunda) artery and vein

Question 42

where does the nerves pass in the posterior compartement of the arm? Axillary nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve

Answer 42

Axillary nerve: Passes through the quadrangular space and travels posteriorly along the surgical neck of the humerus Radial nerve: Passes through the triangular interval (in between the long and lateral head of the triceps brachii) and dives posteriorly along the shaft of the humerus (travels anterior to lateral epicondyle) Ulnar nerve: travels posterior to the medial epicondyle

Question 43

what artery gives blood supply to the anterior and posterior arm?

Answer 43

Anterior arm: Brachial artery Posterior arm: Deep brachial artery

Question 44

What passes through the Quadrangular Space, Triangular Interval and Triangular Space

Answer 44

Quadrangular Space: Axillary nerve and Humeral Circumflex artery Triangular Interval: Radial nerve and deep brachial artery Triangular Space: Circumflex Scapular artery

Question 45

Tell me the 7 myotomes of the upper limb so far

Answer 45

Question 46

Tell me the borders of the cubital fossa

Answer 46

Floor: Brachialis muscle Medial border: Pronator teres Lateral border: Brachioradialis Superior border: Line between the epicondyles Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 47

Tell me the content of the cubital fossa

Answer 47

**T**endon (Tendon of biceps brachii) **A**rtery (Brachial artery) **N**erve (Median nerve) TAN (from lateral to medial)

Question 48

Explain the vascular anastommoses around the elbow

Answer 48

1. The Deep Brachial artery divides itself from the Brachial artery 2. The Deep Brachial artery divides itself in 2 (middle and radial collateral artery) 3. The middle and radial artery do an anastomoses with the recurrent interosseous artery and the radial recurrent artery respectively (they come from the radial artery) 4. The Brachial artery has 2 branches (superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery) 5. The superior and inferior ulnar artery do an anastomoses with the posterior and anterior ulnar recurrent artery respectively (they come from the ulnar artery)