L11 Ocular Side effects on Systemic drugs (MCQ) Flashcards
How do systemic drugs enter the eye?
The eye is rich in blood supply and due to its relatively small mass, it is highly
susceptible to toxic substances.
It reaches the eye via the uveal or retinal vasculature
what is the purpose of anti coagulants? give 3 e.gs
what are 2 ocular side effects and 1 precaution for this drug?
Purpose: prevent clot formation in atrial fibrillation
e.g Aspirin, Warfarin (Coumadin), Heparin
Ocular side effects:
Subconj haemorrhage (blood v becomes weaker)
Retinal haemorrhage (rare)
Caution: advised to discontinue a week before eye surgery e.g IOL– if not px will bleed profusely during surgery
Give 2 examples of anti arrhythmic drugs, what is the respective purposes of anti arrhythmic drugs?
what are the ocular side effects for these drugs?
- Amiodarone (cordarone)
Purpose: treatment for cardiac conditions
Ocular side effect:
corneal deposits- vortex keratopathhy (Whorl-like)
Blurred vision
Haloes around light
photophobia
Optic neuropathy
Anterior & posterior subcapsular lens changes
- Digoxin
Purpose: Congestive heart failure
Ocular side effects:
Red-green colour vision defect
Flashes or flickering light
snowy hazy vision
yellow tinged vision
decreased IOP
what is the purpose of anti migraine drugs? give 1 e.gs
what are 2 ocular side effects and 1 precaution for this drug?
purpose: migraine and epilepsy
e.g: Topamax (topiramate)
Ocular side effects:
diplopia
Acute myopia (6-8D within 1st month)
Dry eyes
Angle closure attack
what is the purpose of anti allergy drugs? give 3 e.gs
what are 2 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: symptoms of allergies:
runny nose (rhinitis), systemic allergies, skin allergies
example:
Claritin (Loratadine)
Zyrtec (cetirizine)
Allegra (fexofenadine)
Ocular side effects:
Dry eyes- causes secondary Cl intolerance
Mydriasis- provoking elevated IOP
what is the purpose of oral contraceptives? what are the 2 main groups of oral contraceptives?
what are 3 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: prevent pregnancy
Consists of 2 main groups:
Progesterone only pill
Combined pills
Many of the unwanted side effects are reported following the use of combined pills, probably due to the estrogen component.
Ocular side effects
- Retinal vascular problems: central or branch retinal artery/vein occlusion
- Mild colour vision defects (tritanomaly)
- Contact lens problems related to dry eyes
what is the purpose of anti acne drugs? give 1 e.gs
what are 6 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: control severe acne and skin conditions
e.g Isotretinoin (Accutane)
Ocular side effects:
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Blepharoconjunctivitis
Dry eyes: decreased contact lens tolerance
Photophobia
Decreased colour vision (rare, reversible)
Night blindness
what is the purpose of anti depressants drugs? what are the 2 components? give 2 e.gs
what are 4 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: treat depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, bulimia
Two components: Tricyclic Anti-depressants (TCAD), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
e.g:
Prozac (fluoxetine)
Zoloft (sertraline)
Celexa (citalopram)
Ocular side effects:
Mydriasis
dry eyes caused by TDAC
colour vision disturbance caused by MAOI
Blurred vision
what is the purpose of anti hyperlipidemia drugs? give 3 e.gs
what are 4 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: treatment for those with high cholesterol
e.g
Mevacor (lovastatin)
Zocor (simvastatin)
Lipitor (atorvastatin)
Ocular side effects:
lens opacities
Dry eyes
lid edema
Blurred vision
what is the purpose of anti hypertensives drugs? give 2 e.gs
what are 3 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: control hypertension
e.g Beta blockers, diuretics
Ocular side effects:
Blurred vision
Dry eyes
decreased IOP
what is the purpose of corticosteroids drugs?
what are 3 ocular side effects for this drug?
Purpose: treat inflammation and allergic conditions, eg. Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus
Ocular side effects:
Posterior subcapsular cataract
Increased IOP
papilloedema
