L11/L12 Motor System

Question 1

The two divisions of the efferent side of the peripheral nervous system are

A) somatic motor neurons and voluntary neurons.
B) somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.
C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
D) voluntary nervous system and somatic motor neurons.

Answer 1

B) somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.

Question 2

Nicotine enhances the release of ________ in the brain.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) epinephrine
E) glutamate

Answer 2

B) dopamine

Question 3

Which area is NOT normally considered to be an autonomic control centre?

A) pons
B) medulla
C) amygdala
D) hypothalamus

Answer 3

C) amygdala

Question 4

Antagonistic control of efferent output is typical of the ________ division.

A) somatic
B) sensory
C) autonomic
D) somatic and sensory
E) somatic and autonomic

Answer 4

C) autonomic

Question 5

The presence of two peripheral efferent neurons in a pathway is typical of the ________ division.

A) somatic
B) sensory
C) autonomic
D) somatic and sensory
E) somatic and autonomic

Answer 5

C) autonomic

Question 6

The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because

A) it is a source of catecholamines.
B) it is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion.
C) it releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.
D) it is a source of catecholamines and it is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion.
E) it is a source of catecholamines, it is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, and it releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.

Answer 6

E) it is a source of catecholamines, it is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, and it releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.

Question 7

Each of these statements is true except one. Identify the exception.

A) Monoamine oxidase is the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of catecholamines.
B) β1 receptors respond equally well to both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C) β2 receptors are not innervated by sympathetic neurons, so are more sensitive to epinephrine, delivered via the blood.
D) Activation of α receptors opens Na+ channels in the membrane.

Answer 7

D) Activation of α receptors opens Na+ channels in the membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following has its cell body in the ganglion?

A) preganglionic neuron
B) postganglionic neuron
C) somatic motor neuron
D) preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron
E) preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron, and somatic motor neuron

Answer 8

B) postganglionic neuron

Question 9

Which area(s) of the brain exert(s) control over the autonomic nervous system?

1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. hypothalamus
4. pons
5. medulla
6. thalamus

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B) 1, 3, 5
C) 1, 3, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 3, 5
E) 2, 3, 4, 5

Answer 9

C) 1, 3, 4, 5

Question 10

Sweat glands contain

A) cholinergic receptors.
B) alpha receptors.
C) beta receptors.
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 10

A) cholinergic receptors.

Question 11

Most preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

A. true only for the sympathetic division
B. true only for the parasympathetic division
C. true for both divisions

Answer 11

A. true only for the sympathetic division

Question 12

The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

A. true only for the sympathetic division
B. true only for the parasympathetic division
C. true for both divisions

Answer 12

B. true only for the parasympathetic division