L08/09/10 Sensory Systems I-III Flashcards
What type of receptor detects blood pressure?
A) osmoreceptor B) baroreceptor C) thermoreceptor D) nociceptor E) proprioceptor
B) baroreceptor
According to the law of specific nerve energies, a single sensory receptor ________.
A) responds equally to several types of stimuli
B) responds to only one type of stimulus, regardless of the strength of stimulation
C) responds best to a specific energy modality
D) type detects all the somatic sensations
E) type detects all the somesthetic sensations
C) responds best to a specific energy modality
The modality to which a receptor responds best is called the ________.
A) appropriate stimulus B) appropriate modality C) least energy stimulus D) adequate stimulus E) composite modality
D) adequate stimulus
The perception of the position of one’s joints and limbs is called ________.
A) proprioception B) nociception C) kinesthesiology D) nociology E) positionology
A) proprioception
The process whereby a sensory receptor converts a stimulus modality into a change in membrane potential is called what?
A) sensory generation B) sensory production C) sensory transduction D) sensory conversion E) modality conversion
C) sensory transduction
What is a region of skin that, when activated, will result in the change of activity within a particular afferent neuron?
A) motor units B) neuronal fields C) labeled lines D) second-order neurons E) receptive fields
E) receptive fields
Another name for an afferent neuron is ________.
A) multipolar neuron B) receptor neuron C) first-order neuron D) second-order neuron E) third-order neuron
C) first-order neuron
What type of neuron in the thalamus communicates sensory information to the cerebral cortex?
A) first-order neurons B) second-order neurons C) third-order neurons D) forth-order neurons E) afferent neurons
C) third-order neurons
How is the intensity of a stimulus encoded during information transmittal to the central nervous system?
A) The amplitude of action potentials transmitted to the central nervous system is greater for a stronger stimulus.
B) The frequency of action potentials transmitted to the central nervous system is greater for a stronger stimulus.
C) Different afferent neurons transmit information about stimuli of varying intensities.
D) Different second-order neurons transmit information about stimuli of varying intensities.
E) The neurotransmitter released from an afferent neuron differs based on the intensity of the stimulus.
B) The frequency of action potentials transmitted to the central nervous system is greater for a stronger stimulus.
Which of the following statements about lateral inhibition is FALSE?
A) Lateral inhibition produces contrast within the nervous system.
B) Lateral inhibition enhances acuity.
C) Lateral inhibition occurs when communication is inhibited to second-order neurons receiving information from afferents associated with neighboring receptive fields.
D) Lateral inhibition results in a stronger signal coming from second-order neurons associated with the central point of stimulation.
E) Lateral inhibition decreases the two-point discrimination threshold.
D) Lateral inhibition results in a stronger signal coming from second-order neurons associated with the central point of stimulation.
What is a decrease in the amplitude of a receptor potential in the presence of a continuing stimulus called?
A) habituation B) adaptation C) sensitization D) transduction E) localization
B) adaptation
Of the following areas of the body, which has the greatest tactile acuity?
A) back B) upper arm C) forehead D) lips E) hand
D) lips
The ability to detect the direction from which a sound originates is determined by ________.
A) the time delay between that sound reaching the right and left cochlea
B) mapping of sound location on the cerebral cortex
C) differences in sound intensity as it reaches the right and left cochlea
D) lateral inhibition that occurs between the right and left cochlea
E) lateral excitation occurring between the right and left cochlea
A) the time delay between that sound reaching the right and left cochlea
Which of the following structures is NOT a mechanoreceptor located within the skin?
A) Pacinian corpuscles B) hair follicle receptors C) Meissner's corpuscles D) Merkel's disks E) hair cells
E) hair cells
Which of the following best describes the response of thermoreceptor afferents when temperature decreases from 35°C to 25°C?
A) Afferents associated with both warm and cold receptors show a decrease in the frequency of action potentials.
B) Afferents associated with both warm and cold receptors show an increase in the frequency of action potentials.
C) Warm-receptor afferents show an increase in the frequency of action potentials, whereas cold-receptor afferents show a decrease in the frequency of action potentials.
D) Warm-receptor afferents show a decrease in the frequency of action potentials, whereas cold-receptor afferents show an increase in the frequency of action potentials.
E) Warm-receptor afferents show a decrease in the frequency of action potentials, whereas cold-receptor afferents fire at the same frequency.
D) Warm-receptor afferents show a decrease in the frequency of action potentials, whereas cold-receptor afferents show an increase in the frequency of action potentials.
What are sensory receptors that respond to tissue-damaging stimuli or stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue called?
A) thermoreceptors B) proprioceptors C) nociceptors D) Merkel's disk E) Meissner's corpuscle
C) nociceptors
Which of the following is NOT a function of TRP channels?
A) warm transduction B) cold transduction C) respond to painfully hot stimuli D) respond to painfully hot chemicals E) respond to painful mechanical stimulation
E) respond to painful mechanical stimulation
Reference: Sensory I, Slide 28
What type of receptor responds to chemicals like histamine and bradykinin that are released from damaged tissue?
A) Ruffini's endings B) Hair follicle receptors C) Mechanical nociceptors D) Polymodal nociceptors E) Thermal nociceptors
D) Polymodal nociceptors
What is the adequate stimulus for nociceptors?
A) warmth B) cold C) touch D) pain E) change in muscle length
D) pain
A person has damage to the right dorsal columns of the spinal cord at the thoracic level. This person would have impaired ________.
A) temperature sensation of the right leg
B) touch sensation of the right leg
C) temperature sensation of the right arm and leg
D) temperature sensation of the left leg
E) touch sensation of the left leg
B) touch sensation of the right leg
Which of the following statements about the spinothalamic tract is FALSE?
A) Pain signals are transmitted along this pathway.
B) Cold signals are transmitted along this pathway.
C) Warm signals are transmitted along this pathway.
D) The pathway crosses to the contralateral side in the brainstem.
E) The first-order neuron synapses with the second order neuron in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
D) The pathway crosses to the contralateral side in the brainstem.
Fast pain originating from nociceptors is perceived as a ________ pain and is carried along ________ fibers.
A) sharp : A δ B) sharp : C C) dull : A δ D) dull : C E) sharp : A β
A) sharp : A δ
How are pain signals from visceral receptors “referred” to the body surface?
A) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same second-order neurons
B) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same first-order neurons
C) signals from visceral receptors that travel to skin receptors to activate them
D) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same third-order neurons
E) the divergence of visceral and somatic afferents onto different second-order neurons
A) the convergence of visceral and somatic afferents on the same second-order neurons
The gate-control theory of pain modulation states that ________.
A) pain sensation must be modified within the sensory receptors
B) C fibers themselves can act to modify their own pain signal
C) the signal that modifies pain sensation in the spinal cord must originate from the nucleus raphe magnus
D) non-painful somatic signals can inhibit signals of pain
E) painful somatic signals can inhibit signals of pain
D) non-painful somatic signals can inhibit signals of pain
Which of the following is NOT part of the gate-control theory of pain modulation?
A) Inhibitory interneurons can modulate second-order pain neurons.
B) Inhibitory interneurons are activated by collaterals of Aβ fibers that are associated with mechanical stimuli.
C) Inhibitory interneurons are inhibited by collaterals from the nociceptor afferent.
D) A non-painful stimulus can activate the inhibitory interneuron and thereby inhibit the painful stimulus.
E) Signals that modify pain originate from higher centers of the brain.
E) Signals that modify pain originate from higher centers of the brain.
Which of the following statements about sensory coding is FALSE?
A) The type of stimulus is coded for by the specific pathway activated.
B) The intensity of stimulus is coded for by the size of the action potential.
C) The location of the stimulus is coded for by the receptive field activated.
D) The ability to locate the stimulus is enhanced by lateral inhibition.
E) Coding for a stimulus type is maintained from receptor to cortex.
B) The intensity of stimulus is coded for by the size of the action potential.
Both the auditory and vestibular systems rely upon ________ to detect movement of fluid within the ear.
A) hair cells B) chemoreceptors C) thermoreceptors D) magnetoreceptors E) hydroreceptors
A) hair cells
Sound waves traveling through the air initiate a vibration of the ________. The sound waves are then transmitted along the ________ to the cochlea.
A) saccule : eustachian tube B) oval window : ossicles C) oval window : eustachian tube D) tympanic membrane : ossicles E) round window : saccule
D) tympanic membrane : ossicles
What structure separates the middle from the external ear?
A) round window B) tympanic membrane C) Eustachian tube D) oval window E) basilar membrane
B) tympanic membrane
Which of the following statements about hair cells in the ear is FALSE?
A) There are three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells.
B) Hair cells are surrounded by endolymph.
C) Only the inner hair cells of the cochlea function directly in sound transduction.
D) Both the hair cells for hearing and those for equilibrium are depolarized when bent toward the kinocilium.
E) When potassium channels in hair cells open, potassium ions move into the cell, depolarizing it.
D) Both the hair cells for hearing and those for equilibrium are depolarized when bent toward the kinocilium.
