L11 ethics Flashcards
Use of animals in teaching
- The 3 Rs in Pharmacology practicals
- The 3 Rs in Pharmacology practicals
– Replacement - alternatives to animals considered / adopted
* computer simulations, biochemistry
– Reduction – minimise number of animals used
* staff perform dissections
– Refinement - minimise pain & distress, enhance wellbeing
* experienced staff
* experiment design
* environmental enrichment
– Replacement -
alternatives to animals considered / adopted * computer simulations, biochemistry
– Reduction
– minimise number of animals used
* staff perform dissections
– Refinement
- minimise pain & distress, enhance wellbeing
- experienced staff
- experiment design
- environmental enrichment
Use of animals in teaching: alternatives
- Computer simulations: work and fast response but forgettable
- Biochemistry-type experiments: tissue culture and test tubes
- Plastination: tissue with plastic polymer.
- Filmed practicals
- Demonstrations
- Computer simulations
– always ‘work’, fast response, convenient
– ‘forgettable’, understanding of biological systems
- Biochemistry-type experiments
– cell culture, test tube
- Plastination
– biological tissue specimens preserved with plastic polymer – plastinated specimens retain tissue textures and structures
Moral reasoning in the conduct of science
- Sensitivity
- Reasoning
- commitment
- perseverance
- Moral sensitivity
Recognizing potential actions, their impact on others, and how those affected would perceive these actions.
Moral Reasoning:
Judging the moral rightness of a course of action.
Moral Commitment:
Prioritizing moral values over personal values when making decisions.
Moral Perseverance:
Overcoming obstacles to implement the chosen moral course of action.
Principles of bioethics
- Respect for autonomy
- Non-maleficence
- Beneficence
- Justice
- Respect for autonomy
– respect for persons,right to self-determination bioethics
- Non-maleficence
bioethics
– an obligation to not inflict harm on others
- Beneficence
bioethics
Acting for the benefit of others and society. mercy kindness and charity
- Justice
– fairness, equitable treatment
Importance of Scientific Integrity:
–Scientific knowledge relies on repeated observations and experiments.
–Fabrication or falsification of data can lead to wasted resources, misguided public health policies, and a loss of public trust in science.
Shared Values in Science:
The sources emphasize honesty, accuracy, efficiency, and objectivity as crucial values for maintaining scientific integrity
Rules Governing Scientific Conduct:
Professional codes, government regulations, institutional policies, and personal convictions all contribute to guiding ethical scientific practices.
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMR):
The NHMR defines scientific misconduct as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism, excluding honest errors or differences in interpretation.
Costs of Misconduct:
Corruption of the scientific record, financial costs, damage to reputation, and potential harm to patients and society as consequences of misconduct.
