L10 - Behavioural disorders Flashcards
what is the DSM-5 definition of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
A pattern of angry/ irritable mood, argumentative/ defiant behaviour or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months
What is the prevalence of ODD?
1% - 11%
UK - 2.9%
What is Conduct Disorder (CD)?
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
What are signs of CD?
Aggression to people and animals - often bullies, threatens, initiates physical fights, weapon use, cruelty to people/ animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness or theft
Serious violations of rules
What is the prevalence of CD?
prevalence 2% - 10%
UK - 1.7%
What does comorbidity mean and what is the comorbidity of OCC and CD?
Comorbidity is the presence of more than one disorder in the same individual
ODD and CD have a strong comorbidity with ADHD
Also have comorbidity with anxiety, depression, specific learning disorder and substance-related disorders
Why is it important that behavioural disorders. are diagnosed?
Individuals with behavioural disorders differ in severity and progression pattern - often severity of behavioural problems increases progressively
Behavioural disorders are among the most common mental health problems –> 5-10% of the population (Goodman and Scott 2005)
What do the historical perspectives show about the risk factors of behavioural disorders?
Freud’s theory of Death Instinct (1920s):
Thanatos - one of the fundamental drives, responsible for individual, societal and intersocietal aggression (e.g., international conflicts)
Society serves to neutralise natural human aggression
Catharsis - therapeutic effect, reduction of aggressive impulses after watching a violent show
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (1960s):
We learn social behaviour by observing others and imitating them.
Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing other people - family members, peers, teachers etc.
What are the risk factors for behavioural disorders?
Twin and adoption studies reveal that genetic factors account for moderate amounts of variance in children’s behavioural problems (Lewis et al. 2015)
Socioeconomic deprivation and inequality
Parenting
Peer relationships (associations with deviant peers, peer rejection, being bullied)
Stressful life events
School climate and neighbourhood environment (high levels of exposure to violence)
What are the interventions for treatment of behavioural disorders?
Treatment categories:
Problem-solving skills training
Behaviour management
Parent management training - PMT
Family-based (functional family therapy)
Are parenting programmes an effective treatment for behavioural disorders?
Parent, child and multicomponent interventions are more effective than the control conditions
They have the largest effect
PMT (Parent management training) aims to teach parents how to:
improve the quality of parent-child interactions
Use more effective discipline strategies
What are 2 examples of parenting programmes?
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
therapists instruct and coach caregivers in play therapy and operant conditioning skills
1st phase - establishing a warm and secure caregiver-child relationship
2nd phase - increasing child compliance and decreasing disruptive behaviours
The triple P - Positive Parenting Programme
Uses parenting sratergies to develop positive relationships, attitudes and conduct
Focuses on equipping parents with the skills and confidence they need to be self-sufficient and to be able to manage family issues
