L1: Ureter

Question 1

1. What arteries contribute to the arterial supply of the ureter?
   
   • A) Renal arteries only
   • B) Gonadal arteries only
   • C) Internal iliac and inferior vesical arteries
   • D) Lumbar arteries

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2. In females, in addition to renal and gonadal arteries, what additional arteries supply the ureter?
   
   • A) External iliac arteries
   • B) Uterine and vaginal arteries
   • C) Inferior mesenteric arteries
   • D) Common iliac arteries

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. How is the ureteropelvic junction defined?
   
   • A) Where ureter crosses pelvic brim
   • B) Narrowing of the ureter
   • C) Ureteral entrance into the bladder
   • D) Point at which renal pelvis narrows to form the ureter

Answer 3

D

Question 4

4. What is the primary function of intravenous pyelography (IVP)?
   
   • A) Direct visualization of the ureter
   • B) Measurement of ureteral constriction
   • C) Contrast imaging of the urinary tract
   • D) Evaluation of bladder function

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5. At what interval are X-ray pictures taken during IVP to visualize the calyces?
   
   • A) 1 minute
   • B) 3 minutes
   • C) 6 minutes
   • D) 9-13 minutes

Answer 5

D

Question 6

6. Where is the ureter located in the male pelvic cavity?
   
   • A) Lateral pelvic wall
   • B) Anterior pelvic wall
   • C) Posterior pelvic wall
   • D) Superior pelvic wall

Answer 6

A

Question 7

7. What is the significance of the ureters forming a one-way valve where they enter the bladder?
   
   • A) Prevents urine reflux
   • B) Enhances urine filtration
   • C) Promotes urine secretion
   • D) Facilitates bladder expansion

Answer 7

A

Question 8

8. In males, what structures cross the ureters anteriorly?
   
   • A) Uterine arteries
   • B) Gonadal vessels
   • C) Vas deferens
   • D) Uterine and vaginal arteries

Answer 8

C

Question 9

9. What are the normal constrictions of the ureter?
   
   • A) Ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, bladder entrance
   • B) Ureteral valves, pelvic junction, bladder neck
   • C) Uterine crossing, pelvic brim, sacroiliac joint
   • D) Uteropelvic junction, iliac spines, bladder entrance

Answer 9

A

Question 10

10. Where does the lymphatic drainage of the upper part of the ureter occur?
    - A) Para-aortic lymph nodes
    - B) Common iliac lymph nodes
    - C) Inguinal lymph nodes
    - D) Internal and external iliac lymph nodes

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11. Which investigation involves injecting contrast medium into the ureter using a cystoscope?
    
    • A) Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
    • B) Retrograde pyelography
    • C) Cystoscopy
    • D) Ascending pyelography

Answer 11

B

Question 12

12. What spinal segments carry sympathetic fibers responsible for ureteral pain sensation?
    
    • A) T10-T11
    • B) T12
    • C) L1
    • D) L2-L3

Answer 12

A

Question 13

13. What nerve irritation may cause retraction of the testes in ureteric colic?
    
    • A) Femoral nerve
    • B) Iliohypogastric nerve
    • C) Genitofemoral nerve
    • D) Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 13

C

Question 14

14. In retrograde pyelography, where is the contrast medium introduced into the ureter?
    
    • A) Renal hilum
    • B) Urethra
    • C) Ureteric orifice in the bladder
    • D) Pelvic cavity

Answer 14

C

Question 15

15. What is the primary purpose of the ureteral valves near the bladder entrance?
    
    • A) Facilitates urine excretion
    • B) Prevents bladder reflux
    • C) Enhances urine concentration
    • D) Promotes ureteral expansion

Answer 15

B

Question 16

16. What structures might be in close proximity to the ureters as they cross the pelvic brim in females?
    
    • A) Vas deferens
    • B) Uterine arteries
    • C) Gonadal vessels
    • D) Urethra

Answer 16

B

Question 17

17. What condition may cause excessive distention of the ureter, resulting in severe intermittent pain (ureteric colic)?
    
    • A) Ureteral stenosis
    • B) Hydronephrosis
    • C) Ureteral calculus
    • D) Ureteral stricture

Answer 17

B

Question 18

18. What spinal segments carry parasympathetic fibers for ureteral sensation?
    
    • A) T10-T11
    • B) Vagus nerve
    • C) L1
    • D) Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 18

B

Question 19

19. What might a calculus in the ureter cause?
    
    • A) Renal failure
    • B) Intermittent obstruction of urinary flow
    • C) Enlargement of the renal sinus
    • D) Formation of renal cysts

Answer 19

B

Question 20

20. Which investigation involves contrast imaging of the urinary tract using a radiopaque dye injected IV?
    
    • A) Cystoscopy
    • B) Retrograde pyelography
    • C) Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
    • D) Ascending pyelography

Answer 20

C

Question 21

21. What spinal segments carry pain fibers from T10 and L1 for the ureter?
    
    • A) T10-T11
    • B) L1
    • C) L2-L3
    • D) T12

Answer 21

A

Question 22

22. What may cause irritation of the genitofemoral nerve, leading to scrotal retraction in males and labia majora pain in females?
    
    • A) Ureteral calculus
    • B) Hydronephrosis
    • C) Ureteral stenosis
    • D) Ureteral stricture

Answer 22

C

Question 23

23. What technique is utilized when an IVP or contrast CT cannot be performed due to renal disease or allergy?
    
    • A) Retrograde pyelography
    • B) Ascending pyelography
    • C) Cystoscopy
    • D) Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Answer 23

A

Question 24

24. What anatomical structures are crucial to avoid puncturing during surgical procedures involving the kidneys?
    
    • A) Diaphragm
    • B) Renal fascia
    • C) Quadratus lumborum
    • D) Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 24

B

Question 25

25. What is the primary purpose of the ureters’ one-way valve mechanism at the bladder entrance?
    
    • A) Facilitates urine excretion
    • B) Prevents urine reflux
    • C) Enhances urine concentration
    • D) Promotes bladder expansion

Answer 25

B

Question 26

26. In retrograde pyelography, where is the catheter guided to inject the contrast medium?
    
    • A) Renal hilum
    • B) Urethra
    • C) Ureteric orifice in the bladder
    • D) Pelvic cavity

Answer 26

C

Question 27

27. What investigation involves visualizing the urinary tract using a cystoscope and injecting contrast medium into the ureter?
    
    • A) Retrograde pyelography
    • B) Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
    • C) Cystoscopy
    • D) Ascending pyelography

Answer 27

C

Question 28

28. What lymphatic drainage corresponds to the lower part of the ureter?
    
    • A) Para-aortic
    • B) Common iliac
    • C) Internal iliac
    • D) External iliac

Answer 28

C

Question 29

29. What might excessive distention of the ureter due to a renal calculus cause?
    
    • A) Lumbar pain
    • B) Continuous urine flow
    • C) Ureteral colic
    • D) Ureteral stenosis

Answer 29

C

Question 30

30. Where is the ureter located in the female pelvic cavity in relation to the ovaries?
    
    • A) Anterior to ovaries
    • B) Posterior to ovaries
    • C) Medial to ovaries
    • D) Superior to ovaries

Answer 30

B