L1 Principles of Pharmacology: An Overview Flashcards
___ describes the effects of the body on drugs.
Pharmacokinetics
___ describes the effects of the drugs on the body.
Pharmacodynamics
What are three important factors in the absorption of drugs?
- Route of absorption
- Blood flow
- Concentration
What are two important factors in the transportation of drugs in the body?
- Permeation
2. Fick’s law of diffusion
What is Fick’s law of diffusion?
Rate = [(C1-C2)(Permeability coefficient)(Area)]/Thickness
True or false - ionized drugs are readily absorbed.
False - NON-ionized drugs are readily absorbed.
What are the 4 determinants of distribution of drugs?
- Size of the target site (organ)
- Blood flow
- Solubility
- Binding
In first order elimination, the rate of elimination is ___ to the concentration. Describe the graph.
Proportional; exponential decay (the higher the concentration of the drug, the greater amount of drug is eliminated per unit time)
In zero order elimination, the rate of elimination is ___ with respect to the concentration.
Constant
Describe the two compartment distribution model.
Drugs are initially distributed in the tissues and then slowly eliminated.
What are the three types of receptors?
- Type I (plasma membrane)
- Type II (cytoplasm)
- Type III (nucleus)
What are the three ways of understanding drug product equivalence?
- Chemical (amount of drug/unit)
- Biological (pharmacokinetics and bioavailability)
- Therapeutic (clinical response with respect to efficacy and toxicity)
What happens before Phase I of drug trials?
Pre-clinical testing and toxicology screening
What happens in Phase I of drug trials?
10 normal volunteers receive small doses and are observed for safety
What happens in Phase II of drug trials?
Small group of patients with the disease are given the drug and observed for efficacy and safety
