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PT 1 > Exam 3 Summaries > Flashcards

Exam 3 Summaries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

A
  1. Beta lactams
  2. Glycopeptides
  3. Lipopeptides
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2
Q

What are the 7 categories/drugs that are protein synthesis inhibitors?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Oxazolidinones
  3. Streptogramins
  4. Tetracyclines/Glycylcylclines
  5. Macrolides
  6. Cloramphenicol
  7. Clindamycin
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3
Q

What are the 2 metabolic inhibitors?

A
  1. Sulfonamides
  2. Trimethorpim
    (TMP-SMX)
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4
Q

What are the 2 nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors?

A
  1. FQ

2. Metronidazole

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5
Q

What are the 2 UT agents?

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin

2. Methenamine

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6
Q

What are the 4 categories of beta lactams?

A
  1. Penicillins (plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations)
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Monobactams
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7
Q

What are the 5 categories of penicillin?

A
  1. Natural
  2. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin
  3. Aminopenicillin
  4. Carboxypenicillin
  5. Ureidopenicillin
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8
Q

What are the 2 natural penicillins?

A

Penicillin G and VK

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9
Q

What are the 4 penicillinase-resistance penicillins?

A

Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin, Dicloxacillin

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10
Q

What are the 2 aminopenicillins?

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

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11
Q

What is the 1 carboxypenicillin?

A

Ticeracillin

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12
Q

What is the 1 ureidopenicillin?

A

Piperacillin

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13
Q

What are the 4 beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations?

A

Augmentin, Unasyn, Timentin, Zosyn

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14
Q

What is Augmentin?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

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15
Q

What is Unasyn?

A

Ampicillin-sulbactam

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16
Q

What is Timentin?

A

Ticarcillin-clavulanate

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17
Q

What is Zosyn?

A

Piperacillin-tazobactam

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18
Q

What are the 6 first generation Cephalosporins?

A
  1. Cefadroxil
  2. Cefazolin
  3. Cephalexin
  4. Cephalothin
  5. Cephapirin
  6. Cephradine
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19
Q

What are the 9 second generation Cephalosporins?

A
  1. Cefactor
  2. Cemandole
  3. Cefonicid
  4. Cefprozil
  5. Cefuroxime
  6. Loracarbef (carbacephem)
  7. Cefmetazole (cephamycin)
  8. Cefotetan (cephamycin)
  9. Cefoxitin (cephamycin)
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20
Q

What are the 10 third generation Cephalosporins?

A
  1. Cefdinir
  2. Cefditoren
  3. Cifixime
  4. Cefoperazone
  5. Cefotaxime
  6. Cefpoxodime
  7. Ceftazidime
  8. Ceftibuten
    9 Ceftizoxime
  9. Ceftriaxone
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21
Q

What is the 1 fourth generation Cephalosporin?

22
Q

What are the 2 fifth generation cephalosporins?

A

Ceftaroline and Ceftobiprole

23
Q

What is the 1 sixth generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftolozane-tazobactam

24
Q

What is the 1 seventh generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftazidime-avibactam

25
Q

What are the 4 carbapenems?

A
  1. Doripenem
  2. Imipenem
  3. Meropenem
  4. Ertapenem
26
Q

What is the 1 monobactam?

27
Q

What are the 5 glycopeptides?

A
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Tecioplanin
  3. Dalbavancin
  4. Televancin
  5. Oritavancin
28
Q

What is the 1 lipopeptide?

A

Daptomycin

29
Q

What are the 4 important aminoglycosides?

A
  1. Amikacin
  2. Genamicin
  3. Streptomycin
  4. Tobramycin
30
Q

What are the 3 macrolides?

A
  1. Erythromycin
  2. Clarithromycin
  3. Azithromycin
31
Q

What is the 1 important streptogramin?

A

Synercid (Quinupristin-Dalfopristin)

32
Q

What are the important tetracyclines/glycylcyclines?

A

Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

G: Tigecycline

33
Q

What are the 2 Oxazolidinones?

A

Linezolid and Tedizolid

34
Q

What are the 3 important FQs?

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Levofloxacin
  3. Moxifloxacin
35
Q

What are the MOA for the cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

A

Beta lactam: bind/inhibit PBP (transpeptidase step)

Glycopeptides: inhibit synthesis/assembly of second stage of cell wall synthesis (bind D-ala D-ala)

Lipopeptides: binds membrane, depolarizes, inhibits synthesis

36
Q

What are the MOA of the protein synthesis inhibitors?

A

30s binding: aminoglycosides (irreversible), tetracyclines/glycylcylcines (reversible)

50s binding: all others (oxazolidinones, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, macrolides)

37
Q

What is the MOA of TMP-SXT?

A

Sulfonamides: inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (inhibit PABA conversion)

Trimethoprim: inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (inhibit dihydrofolate conversion)

38
Q

What is the MOA of the nucleic acid inhibitors?

A

FQ: inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Metronidazole: ferredoxins, DNA damage

39
Q

What is the MOA of UT agents?

A

Nitrofurantoin: binds ribosomal proteins, inhibits translation, inhibits bacterial respiration/pyruvate metabolism

Methenamine: converted in acidic pH to formaldehyde, which denatures things

40
Q

What are the important MOR for beta lactams?

A
  1. Beta-lactamase production
  2. Decreased penetration
  3. PBP alteration
41
Q

What is the important MOR for glycopeptides?

A
  1. Modification of D-ala D-ala binding site to D-lactate
42
Q

What are the important MORs for macrolides, clindamycin, and streptogramins?

A
  1. Altered target site (erm gene)

2. Efflux pump (mef gene)

43
Q

What are the important MORs for TMP-SXT?

A

Sulfonamides: PABA overproduction, change in synthetase

Trimethoprim: resistant reductase

44
Q

What is the important MOR for methenamine?

A

Alkaline urine

45
Q

Most antibiotics are bactericidal. Which are bacteriostatic?

A
  1. Oxazolidinones (except against S. pneumoniae)
  2. Chloramphenicol (except against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis)
  3. Tetracyclines (cidal at high concentrations)
  4. Clindamycin (cidal at high concentrations)
  5. Macrolides (cidal at high concentrations)

Also: Synercid and TMP-SMX components are static alone

46
Q

Penicillin is bactericidal except against ___.

A

Enterococcus

47
Q

Most antibiotics are time-dependent. Which are concentration-dependent?

A
  1. Azithromycin
  2. FQ
  3. AG
  4. Metronidazole
  5. Daptomycin (lipopeptide)

Unknown: Synercid

48
Q

Which 6 antibiotics or classes of antibiotics have activity against Gram positive organisms only?

A
  1. PR penicillin
  2. Streptomcyin
  3. Glycopeptides
  4. Lipopeptides
  5. Oxazolidinones
  6. Synercid
49
Q

Which 6 antibiotics or classes of antibiotics have activity against Gram negative organisms only?

A
  1. Carboxypenicillin
    2/3. 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
  2. Monobactams
    5/6. Tobramycin and amikacin
50
Q

Which 10 antibiotics or classes of antibiotics have activity against organisms in all classes?

A
  1. Natural penicillin
  2. Ureidopenicillin
  3. Beta-lactamase inhibitors
    4/5. 1st and 5th generation cephalosporins
  4. Carbapenems
    7/8. Tetra/glycylcyclines
  5. Macrolides
  6. FQ
51
Q

Which 4 antibiotics or classes of antibiotics have activity against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms?

A
  1. Aminopenicillins
  2. 2nd generation cephalosporins
  3. Gentamicin
  4. TMP-SMX
52
Q

Which antibiotic has activity against Gram positive and anaerobic organisms?

A

Clindamycin

PT 1 (34 decks)

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