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BIOSCI 107 > L1 - Organisation > Flashcards

L1 - Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Science of body structures and the relationships among them

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Science of body functions (how the body parts work)

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3
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ

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4
Q

Six levels of structural organisation

A

Chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - system - organismal

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5
Q

Eleven body systems

A

(MURDERS LINC.)

  • Muscular
  • Urinary
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Endocrine
  • Reproductive
  • Lymphatic and Immune
  • Integumentary
  • Cardiovascular
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6
Q

Four basic tissue types

A
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Epithelial
  • Nervous
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7
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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8
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

RBC production

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9
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Controls erythropoiesis

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10
Q

Hypo-

A

Less

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11
Q

Hyper-

A

More

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12
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells (immune cells)

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Further away from centre

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14
Q

Medial

A

Closer to centre

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15
Q

Anterior

A

Closer to front

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16
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to back

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17
Q

Oocytes

A

Eggs

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18
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bond (flat bone)

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19
Q

Sacrum

A

Triangular bone in the lower back situated between the two hip bones of the pelvis

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20
Q

Coccyx

A

Tail bone located below the sacrum

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21
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

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22
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of specific cells and the material around them that work together to perform a particular function

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23
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

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24
Q

Epithelial tissues

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, cavities and ducts

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25
Q

Function of epithelial tissues

A

Protection, filtration, secretion, absorption, excretion

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26
Q

Connective tissues

A

Cells in a matrix of fibres and ground substances (includes bones and blood)

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27
Q

Function of connective tissues

A

Protects and suppots, binds organs together, stored energy as fat, transport blood, provide immunity to disease-causing organisms

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28
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Contractile cells (muscle fibres)

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29
Q

Function of muscle tissues

A

Movement, generate heat

30
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Conducting nerve cells (impulses/action potentials) and supportive neuroglia

31
Q

Function of nerve tissues

A

Detects changes and generates nerve impulses which activate muscle contractions and glandular secretions

32
Q

Type of cartilage

A

Hyaline: ribs to sternum

Fibro-: discs within vertebral column

33
Q

Axial skeleton function

A

Protects brain, spinal cord, soft tissues, thorax (throat), sense organs

34
Q

Examples of axial skeleton

A

Sacrum, sternum, supporting cartilage, ligaments

35
Q

Examples of flat bones

A

Skull, pelvis, sternum, ribs

36
Q

Appendicular skeleton function

A

Internal support and positioning of external limbs

37
Q

Examples of appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs, supporting bones and ligaments

38
Q

Anterior pituitary gland sends hormones to

A

Gonads (gonadotropins - FSH, LH), liver (GH), adrenal cortex (ACTH), mammary glands (prolactin), thydroid glands (TSH)

39
Q

Posterior pituitary sends hormones to

A

Kidney tubules (ADH), smooth muscles in uterus (oxytocin)

40
Q

Kidney increases

A

Blood pressure, volume, pH, ions, alters calcium levels

41
Q

Composition of lymph

A

Water, protein, lipids

42
Q

Lymph nodes (tonsils) function

A
  • engulf pathogens
  • stimulate immune response (lymphadenopathy)
  • monitor lymph composition
43
Q

Spleen

A
  • engulfs pathogens
  • stimulates immune response
  • monitors blood cell circulation
  • recycle RBC
  • like a large lymph node
44
Q

Heart

A

Propels blood and maintains blood pressure which enables exchange of nutrients/gas

45
Q

Blood

A

Gas, nutrients, waste, temperature, immune, pH

46
Q

Nasal cavity / paranasal sinuses

A
  • filter, warm, humidify air

- detect smells

47
Q

Larynx

A

Protects trachea opening

48
Q

Lungs

A
  • Air movement

- acid-base control

49
Q

Salivary glands

A

Buffers, lubricants, enzymes

50
Q

Small intestines

A

Hormones, buffers, enzymes

51
Q

Liver

A

Blood nutrient regulation

52
Q

Pancreas

A

Enzymes, buffers

53
Q

Stomach

A

Acids, enzymes, hormones

54
Q

Epididymis

A

Sperm maturation

55
Q

Penis

A

Reproduction

56
Q

Scrotum

A

Controls testes

57
Q

Vagina

A

Lubrication

58
Q

Spinal cord function (nervous)

A

Relays info to and from brain

59
Q

PNS function

A

Links CNS to peripheries

60
Q

Lymph vessels function

A

Carry lymph and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins to CV system

61
Q

Layers of cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

62
Q

Skeletal muscle functions

A
  • skeletal movement
  • support skeleton
  • produce heat (shivering)
  • control entrances/exits to digestive, respiratory and urinary systems
  • protect soft tissue lying underneath
63
Q

Hypothalamus/pituitary gland function

A

Fluid balance

64
Q

Lymphatic system function

A

Fluid collection from tissues to maintain fluid balance

65
Q

Trachea kept open due to

66
Q

Parathyroid appearance and location

A

Bean shaped, located behind thyroids

67
Q

Adrenal glands location

A

Sits on top of kidneys

68
Q

Lymph node composition

A

Clusters of lymphatic tissue

69
Q

Spleen note

A

Doesn’t receive lymph (receives blood) but has lymph draining from it

70
Q

Spleen location

A

Inside left rib cage, above stomach

71
Q

Cell structure

A

1) apical or free surface
2) basal or attached surface
3) lateral surface

72
Q

Junctions in stratified epithelium

A

Lateral junctions may go all around cells (even basal surface as instead of being attached to the basement membrane, it is attached to other cells lying underneath)

BIOSCI 107 (15 decks)

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