Bare Minimum Flashcards
diffusion affected by
1) Steepness/magnitude of diffusion/conc. Grad
2) Temperature
3) Mass/size of diffusing substance
4) Surface area
5) Diffusion distance
a. Cell size
b. Membrane thickness
Osmotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure (acting against) applied to a soln to prevent inward flow of water across semi-permeable membrane
Colligative property
depends only on number of solute not types/nature of particles in soln
Tonicity
measure of soln’s ability to change cell volume by altering water content
fluctuations in electrical current through ion channel due to…
conformational changes associated with gating
enzyme-like properties of transporter proteins
- Chemical specificity
- Inhibition; blocking of binding pocket
- Competition
- Saturation
primary active transport
E directly derived from hydrolysis of ATP
ATPase
transport proteins binding/hydrolysing ATP to provide enough E to cause conformational change and perform active transport
Pump-leak hypothesis
ions leak back into cell down grad so pump works continuously
importance of setting up conc grad
- Maintain RMP
- Electrical excitability
- Muscle contraction
- Maintain steady cell volume
- Nutrient uptake
- Maintain intracellular pH
secondary active transport
E stored in ionic conc grad established by primary
- Indirectly use energy from ATP hydrolysis
epithelial cells are separated by….
lateral intercellular and paracellular space
tight junctions hold…
epithelial cells at luminal edges
tight junction - barrier function
stop substance (e.g bacteria) movement through intercellular space (only some small ions, water etc. which varies by junction structure)
tight junction - fence function
prevent membrane protein from diffusing in plane of lipid bilayer => membrane domain formation:
- Apical/luminal/mucosal
- Basolateral
Higher electrical resistance =>
more tight junction strands holding together