L1 Neonate

Question 1

Neuromaturational Theories

Answer 1

-Development set, invariant
-Tightly tied to CNS
-Occurs cephalocaudal, proximal to distal
-Recent research acknowledges that there is variation in sequence and input from all systems

Question 2

Cognitive Theories

Answer 2

thinking develops in stages of increasing complexity

organize mental schemes through mental operations

Question 3

Behavioral theories

Answer 3

behavior is shaped by environment

assumes most behaviors learned responses

primary concepts used in applied behavior analysis

Question 4

Psychoanalytical/psychosocial theories

Answer 4

Biologically determined drives, unconscious conflicts

initial drive for survival when basic needs met, see self-actualization

Question 5

Ecological, contextual. theories

Answer 5

environment has a very strong influence on overall development

Question 6

Dynamic Systems theories

Answer 6

movement emerges based on internal milieu, external environment, task

movement directed by dynamic, interacting systems

Question 7

Neuronal Group Selection

Answer 7

Infant motor development with increased and decreased periods of variability, resultant from changes in CNS

Structure and function of neural networks created via genetic coding in infant development and environmental exposure/active movement related to behavioral experience

Question 8

Prenatal

Answer 8

before birth

Question 9

Gestation

Answer 9

measured in weeks, from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle to the current date

Question 10

Fertilization

Answer 10

egg fertilized by sperm to form zygote

Question 11

Embryo

Answer 11

week 2-8 after fertilization

(beginning at week 2 accounts for the menstrual cycle)

Question 12

Fetus

Answer 12

Developing week 9-37

Question 13

Full term

Answer 13

equal to or greater than 37 weeks

Question 14

Premature

Answer 14

less than 37 weeks

Question 15

Neonate

Answer 15

infant up to 28 days after birth

Question 16

Gastrulation Layers

Answer 16

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 17

Mesodermal cells

Answer 17

form notochord

Question 18

Ectodermal cells

Answer 18

overlying cells at neural place fold inward to form neural tube, joining ends form neural crest

Question 19

Neural tube

Answer 19

becomes CNS
formed from ectoderm

Question 20

Neural Crest

Answer 20

forms PNS, enteric nervous system, melanocytes, facial cartilage, cornea, inner ear, odontoblasts, enterochromaffin cells, spiral membrane

Question 21

Remaining Ectoderm…

Answer 21

will form epidermis of skin, hair, exocrine glands, anterior pituitary gland

Question 22

Cardiovascular Development

Answer 22

mesoderm
first system to develop
heart beat by week 4

Question 23

Pulmonary Development

Answer 23

lower tract begins day 22, will form on ventral wall of primitive endoderm

lungs develop in 5 stages

Question 24

5 stages of lung development

Answer 24

Embryonic –> 3-6 weeks
Pseudoglandular –> 5-17 weeks
Canalicular –> 16-25 weeks
Saccular –> 24 weeks to birth
Alveolar –> 36 weeks to 8 years

Question 25

Gastrointestinal Development

Answer 25

Contains all three neuronal layers Ectoderm--PNS, neurons to GI tract Mesoderm--wall of gut, smooth muscle Endoderm--epithelial lining of GI tract and GI organs

Question 26

Musculoskeletal Development

Answer 26

Mesoderm--bone, cartilage, muscle all bones derive from mesenchyme, which is connective tissue from mesoderm

Question 27

Ovum and sperm chromosomes

Answer 27

each have 23 chromosomes

Question 28

Environmental Influences

Answer 28

Access to prenatal care Teratogens Intrauterine Infections

Question 29

Access to prenatal care

Answer 29

nutrition vitamins vaccinations management of conditions

Question 30

Teratogens

Answer 30

heavy metals radiation medications illicit drugs infectious agents chronic maternal illness

Question 31

Intrauterine infections

Answer 31

(TORCH) Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex

Question 32

The F Words of Development

Answer 32

Functioning Family Fitness Fun Friends Future

Question 33

APGAR Score

Answer 33

Developed by Virginia Apgar in 1952 Completed at 1 minute after birth to determine tolerance during birth process Completed again at 5 minutes to determine tolerance out of womb

Question 34

APGAR

Answer 34

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration Breathing effort Heart rate Muscle Tone Reflexes Skin Color

Question 35

Breathing Effort

Answer 35

not breathing = 0 Respirations slow, irregular = 1 Cries well = 2

Question 36

Heart Rate

Answer 36

No heartbeat = 0 <100 beats/min = 1 >100 beats/min = 2

Question 37

Muscle Tone

Answer 37

muscles loose and floppy = 0 Some muscle tone = 1 Active motion = 2

Question 38

Reflexes

Answer 38

No reaction = 0 Grimacing = 1 Grimacing and cough, sneeze or vigorous cry = 2

Question 39

Skin color

Answer 39

pale blue = 0 body pink and extremities blue = 1 entire body pink = 2

Question 40

Calculating Age with prematurity

Answer 40

done when born at less than 37 weeks chronological age, based on DOB - total # months and # days

Question 41

28 weeks of gestation

Answer 41

rooting, palmar grasp, flexor withdrawal, cross extension, galant, moro

Question 42

20 weeks of gestation

Answer 42

Asymmetrical tonic neck

Question 43

Suck/swallow

Answer 43

28-34 weeks of gestation

Question 44

Positive support

Answer 44

35 weeks of gestation

Question 45

Autonomic walking/reflex stepping

Answer 45

37 weeks of gestation