L1 - L2

Question 1

Proposal

Answer 1

What you intend to to/how it’ll be done (not what you’re doing/have done)

-detailed blueprint for study (justifies reasons for conduct; rationale)

Question 2

Preposal format

Answer 2

intro (prob statement + significance; knowledge gap)
lit review
hypoth
study design + methodology
proposed data collection + analysis
conclusion (implication of findings, limitations etc)

Question 3

Research

Answer 3

Systematic inquiry in logical sequence + in a series of empirical stages (what is; explain soci phenomenon and improve unders + policies)

(collect data to approve/disapprove hunch and define variables)

Question 4

Method of inquiry

Answer 4

learning to know the world around us

Question 5

sci process

Answer 5

systematic inquiry (research def) gather data, make observations and analyze etc

Question 6

sci model

Answer 6

precision (clear def)
replicability (replicable/similar results)
falsifiability (can be falsified)
pasimony (simplisitc with concepts/not complicated)

Question 7

operalization

Answer 7

measure variables + collect data

Question 8

approach - positivist

Answer 8

emphasizes discovery of causal laws (empirical observation that is value free)

Question 9

variables

Answer 9

anything that can be measured

• that can produce two or more dif values (can vary/change)
  -dependent (one being described/caused/explained)
  -independent (one doing the causing, explaining, affects dep variable)

Question 10

Variable types

Answer 10

nominal (categorical; no logical order; fem/male)
ordinal (categories ordered in more/less concept; big/small)
interval (in scales of 1, identical intervals; temp)
raio (fixed 0 points; age, weight)

Question 11

quanti

Answer 11

stat analysis (data)
staandardized questionaires (survey measures)
represented sampling frame of borader pop (stat representative)
objective

Question 12

surveys

Answer 12

system. methods for gathering info from a sample of members in a population
-construct quanti descript of attrib of larger pop
-design, conduct, analyze, evaluate

Question 13

statistic

Answer 13

quanti descriptor which describes size and distrib of various pop attrib (descriptive)

measures how 2/more variables are related (analytic; correlation)

Question 14

concept maps

Answer 14

ideas that offer ways of looking at the world which are essential in defining the re prob (abstract concepts, dimensions and sub dimensions)

Question 15

lit review

Answer 15

selection of available documents on the topic (info, ideas, data, evidence to express views)

(evaluation based on knowld. gap)

Question 16

thesis statement

Answer 16

purpose of re is to state and support a thesis

(thesis - makes a claim about a topic; should be justified; cause n effect)

Question 17

hypothesis

Answer 17

statement often indicating a claimed pattern of cause and effect

-non directional (dont state a direction, one affects the other, no neg or pos)

Question 18

unit of analysis

Answer 18

whats actually being measures/studied to test hypothesis

Question 19

concepts

Answer 19

ideas/theories tht summarize clusters of related aspects (ie soci class; high, middle, low)

(hypoth connect concepts)

Question 20

operationalization

Answer 20

process of specifying the exact operations involvd in measuring a variable (how)

(concepts must be operationalized to be measured for system. re)

Question 21

op def

Answer 21

attrib and specific def of something in terms of the op by which observations are to be categories

(concretes intended meaning and what must be done to measure the concept)

(provides concepts)

Question 22

measurement

Answer 22

allows small dif betw units to be specified

Question 23

indicators

Answer 23

measurable aspects of concepts in observable terms

Question 24

reliability

Answer 24

consistency
(external-consistency over time; retest reliability)

Question 25

validity

Answer 25

valid (measures what its supposed to)
(face; does it look like it measures the concept)
(concurent;is it relevant and check for relations?; there should be relations)
(predictive; future criterion measures used)
(constuct; ((faulty)))