Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI - Y2 > L1 - Introduction to GI > Flashcards

L1 - Introduction to GI Flashcards

1
Q

Summarise the GI tract intrinsic sensory pathways

A
  • submucosal and myenteric plexus

- enteric reflexes regulating motility, secretion and blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe what stimuli will activate the extrinsic vagal afferents?

A

Low mechanical stimuli

  • thermal
  • chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell bodies of vagal afferents are situated

A

Nodose ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Central terminal of vagal aferents is found in the…

A

Brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stroking of gastric mucosa will trigger the release of…

A

Serotonin (5HT) into the lamina propia of the epithelium.

Small amount into lumen of the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of innervation is the visceral peritoneum

under

A
  • autonomic innervation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe pain felt in the visceral peritoneum

A

pain is deep, dull and poorly defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of innervation is the parietal peritoneum under

A

Somatic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe pain felt in the parietal peritoneum

A 
pain is sharp, well localised 
rebound tenderness
- pain felt even after hand is lifted 
guarding 
- board like rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explosive onset of pain indicative of…

A

Perforation of viscus (appendix or colon) or sudden ischaemia (e.g. mesenteric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rapid onset on pain may be indicative of…

A

Acute inflammatoin

e.g. appendicitis, cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gradual progress pain may be indicative of..

A

Peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe colic pain

A

Contraction of smooth muscle against an obstruction causes a cyclical on-off pain.

Intervals are severe.

Patient may roll around in pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Descirbe biliary colic

A

Gradual onset, then constant.

So not true colic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peritonitis

A
  • inflammation of peritoneum
  • general or localised
  • tenderness, guarding and rebound tenderness
  • caused by acid form perforated ulcer
  • caused by bile from biliary system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compare and contrast somatic pain and visceral pain

A

Somatic

  • later onset
  • more specific location

Visceral

  • dull and / or cramping
  • intermittent
  • poorly localised
  • pain in organ
17
Q

Position of foregut

A

Pharynx to Ampulla of Vater

18
Q

Midgut

A

Ampulla of vater to first 1/3rd of the transverse colon.

19
Q

Hindgut

A

Mid transverse colon to dentate line in rectum.

20
Q

What would you look out for in an abdominal examination…

A

Scars, distension, discoloration, rashes, trauma, striae, caput medusa

21
Q

Caput medusae

A

Portal venous drainage back to liver impaired.
Channels through previously closed down periumbilical veins are opened.
Allowing portal blood going to the viscera to drain back into larger systemic circulation.

22
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Defined by edge of rectus abdominis muscle, inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric artery.

23
Q

Direct Hernia

A
  • can exit through superficial ring but cannot extend into scrotum
  • weakness in posterior fascia
  • medial to inferior epigastric muscles
24
Q

Indirect hernia

A
  • travels both deep and superficial ring
  • can extend into scrotum
  • most likely to occur as a result of deep inguinal ring not closing properly.
25
Q

Blumberg sign

A

Pain, rebound tenderness, guarding

- indicative peritonitis

26
Q

How to arrive at a diagnosis using tincanbeds?

A 
T - trauma 
I - infection 
N - neoplasm 
C - congential 
A - acquired 
N- nervous 
B - blood 
E - endocrine 
D - drugs 
S - syphillus
27
Q

Murphpy’s sign

A

Pressure applied to right upper quadrant during inspiration. Causes very large pain.

Indicates gall bladder inflammation.

28
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

left shoulder pain form diaphragm.

Suggestive of free intraperitoneal blood.

29
Q

McBurney’s sign

A

Tenderness with palpation of abdomen 2/3rd of the way between the umbilical and right iliac crest

30
Q

Psoas

A

Patient flexes right hip against resistance and experiences RLQ pain, suggestive of appendicitis

31
Q

Grey-turners sign

A
  • ecchymosis of left flank

- suggest haemorrhage pancreatitis

GI - Y2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions