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102 - Theme 1 > L1 Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

L1 Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Coronal movement

A

posterior/anteror and Dorsal (back)/ventral (tummy)

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2
Q

Sagittal movement

A

Medial/Lateral

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3
Q

Transverse movement

A

Superior/Inferior and Caudal/Cranial

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4
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Angle of joint decreases (moves in sagittal plane)

Angle of joint increases (moves in sagittal plane)

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5
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A

Away from midline (moves in coronal plane)

Towards the midline (moves in coronal plane)

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6
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Rotation of joint towards midline

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7
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation of joint away from midline

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8
Q

Pronation/supernation

A

only in relations to arms (sup = up)

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9
Q

True Rib

A

Rib - Costal Cartilage - Sternum 1-7

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10
Q

False Rib

A

8-12

11/12 are floating

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11
Q

Thoracic cage description

A

Irregularly shaped osseocartilaginous cylinder -> convex formed by sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

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12
Q

Thoracic cage made out of

A

Vertebrae and Intervertebral disc
Ribs
Sternum
Costal Cartilages

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13
Q

Thoracic cage function

A

Protection of viscera
Muscle attachment
Relations: Pectoral girdle (Clavicle/Scapula)

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14
Q

Thoracic cage boundaries

A

Roof: Pleural membrane over apex of lungs
Floor: Diaphragm
Walls: Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and intercostal muscles

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15
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Consists of body of vertebra TI posteriorly, medial margin of rib I on each side, manubrium anteriorly

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16
Q

Superior margin of manubrium is

A

same horizontal plane as intervertebral disc between vertebrae TII and TIII

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17
Q

Features of a typical vertebra

A

Heart-shaped vertebral body -> equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

Vertebral foramen is circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below
- Superior articular processes are flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly
- Inferior articular processes project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly
Transverse processes: club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

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18
Q

Heart-shaped vertebral body

A

equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

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19
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below

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20
Q

Superior articular processes

A

flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly

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21
Q

Inferior articular processes

A

project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly

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22
Q

Transverse process

A

club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

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23
Q

Typical/Atypical ribs

A

3-9

1-2, 10-12

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24
Q

Rib head

A

expanded + usually with 2 articular surfaces separated by crest (smaller superior surface -> interior costal facet of vertebra body above) / (larger inferior facet -> superior costal facet of own vertebra)

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25
Q

Rib neck

A

Short, flat region of bone -> separates head/tubercle

26
Q

Tubercle

A

projects posteriorly from junction of neck with shaft + consists of two regions:

27
Q

Tubercle regions

A

Articular: medial and has oval facet for articulation with corresponding facet on transverse process of associated rib
Raised nonarticular is roughened by ligament attachments

28
Q

Joints include

A

Intervertebral, costovertebral, costochondral, sternocostal and sternoclavicular
Costotransverse joint: transverse process of related vertebra and rib

29
Q

Costovertebral joins

A

Allow neck to rotate around longitudinal axes

or ascend/descend relative to vertebral column

Head of rib articulates with costal demifacets

30
Q

Costotransverse joints

A

Synovial joints between rib tubercle & transverse process (related vertebra)

Stabilised by 2 strong extracapsular ligaments -> spans TP/rib tubercle gap

Costotransverse ligament: medial to joint & attaches neck of rib to TP

Lateral costotransverse ligament: lateral to joint -> attaches tip of TP to roughened nonarticular part of tubercle of rib

Superior costotransverse ligament: attach superior surface of neck of rib to TP of vertebra

Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.

31
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

Upper 7 costal cartilage + sternum
Rib I and manubrium = NOT synovial -> fibrocartilaginous connection
Rib II - VII = synovial -> thin capsules reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligaments

32
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

Lie between adjacent ribs & filled with by intercostal muscles

Intercostal nerves + associated major arteries/veins lie in costal groove along inferior margin of superior rib & pass in the plane between inner 2 layers of muscles

In each space, veins is most superior structure -> highest in costal groove

Artery is inferior to vein -> nerve is inferior to artery and not usually protected by groove
Endothoracic fascia separates structures from underlying pleura -> contains variable amount of fat

33
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A

Away from midline (moves in coronal plane)

Towards the midline (moves in coronal plane)

34
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Rotation of joint towards midline

35
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation of joint away from midline

36
Q

Pronation/supernation

A

only in relations to arms (sup = up)

37
Q

True Rib

A

Rib - Costal Cartilage - Sternum 1-7

38
Q

False Rib

A

8-12

11/12 are floating

39
Q

Thoracic cage description

A

Irregularly shaped osseocartilaginous cylinder -> convex formed by sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

40
Q

Thoracic cage made out of

A

Vertebrae and Intervertebral disc
Ribs
Sternum
Costal Cartilages

41
Q

Thoracic cage function

A

Protection of viscera
Muscle attachment
Relations: Pectoral girdle (Clavicle/Scapula)

42
Q

Thoracic cage boundaries

A

Roof: Pleural membrane over apex of lungs
Floor: Diaphragm
Walls: Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and intercostal muscles

43
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Consists of body of vertebra TI posteriorly, medial margin of rib I on each side, manubrium anteriorly

44
Q

Superior margin of manubrium is

A

same horizontal plane as intervertebral disc between vertebrae TII and TIII

45
Q

Features of a typical vertebra

A

Heart-shaped vertebral body -> equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

Vertebral foramen is circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below
- Superior articular processes are flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly
- Inferior articular processes project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly
Transverse processes: club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

46
Q

Heart-shaped vertebral body

A

equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

47
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below

48
Q

Superior articular processes

A

flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly

49
Q

Inferior articular processes

A

project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly

50
Q

Transverse process

A

club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

51
Q

Typical/Atypical ribs

A

3-9

1-2, 10-12

52
Q

Rib head

A

expanded + usually with 2 articular surfaces separated by crest (smaller superior surface -> interior costal facet of vertebra body above) / (larger inferior facet -> superior costal facet of own vertebra)

53
Q

Rib neck

A

Short, flat region of bone -> separates head/tubercle

54
Q

Tubercle

A

projects posteriorly from junction of neck with shaft + consists of two regions:

55
Q

Tubercle regions

A
  • Articular: medial and has oval facet for articulation with corresponding facet on transverse process of associated rib
    Raised nonarticular is roughened by ligament attachments
56
Q

Joints include

A

Intervertebral, costovertebral, costochondral, sternocostal &sternoclavicular
Costotransverse joint: transverse process of related vertebra and rib

57
Q

Costovertebral joins

A
  • allow neck to rotate around longitudinal axes

or ascend/descend relative to vertebral column

Head of rib articulates with costal demifacets

58
Q

Costotransverse joints

A
  • Synovial joints between rib tubercle & transverse process (related vertebra)

Stabilised by 2 strong extracapsular ligaments -> spans TP/rib tubercle gap

Costotransverse ligament: medial to joint & attaches neck of rib to TP

Lateral costotransverse ligament: lateral to joint -> attaches tip of TP to roughened nonarticular part of tubercle of rib

Superior costotransverse ligament: attach superior surface of neck of rib to TP of vertebra

Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.

59
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

Upper 7 costal cartilage + sternum
Rib I and manubrium = NOT synovial -> fibrocartilaginous connection
Rib II - VII = synovial -> thin capsules reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligaments

60
Q

Intercostal spaces

A

Lie between adjacent ribs & filled with by intercostal muscles

Intercostal nerves + associated major arteries/veins lie in costal groove along inferior margin of superior rib & pass in the plane between inner 2 layers of muscles

In each space, veins is most superior structure -> highest in costal groove

Artery is inferior to vein -> nerve is inferior to artery & not usually protected by groove
Endothoracic fascia separates structures from underlying pleura -> contains variable amount of fat

61
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle

102 - Theme 1 (8 decks)

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