L1 - Intro

Question 1

Define research

Answer 1

A systematic investigation to develop/contribute to generalisable knowledge to extend beyond what is already known

Question 2

What is the Scientific Method and what are its steps?

Answer 2

Form and test Hypothesis, aka Hypothetico-deductive method

Steps:

1. Make observations
2. Think of interesting question
3. Formulate Hypothesis
4. Develop Testable prediction
5. Get data to test predictions
6. Refine hypothesis (repeat 4-6)
7. Develop general theories

Question 3

List and briefly describe the stages in the research process

Answer 3

1. Formulate Resh qn
2. Plan the conduct of study
3. Make data collection instrument
4. Select sample, large enough to control random error and representative of ppn
5. Write proposal
6. Collect Data
7. Process and display data (quantitative and qualitative)
8. Research Report

Question 4

Why is the design of research impt?

Answer 4

To get valid findings that answers resh qn

Question 5

Describe the two types of validities

Answer 5

1. Internal validity: Findings actually lead to correct inferences about whatever happening in the STUDY
2. External validity: i.e. generalisability (whatever happen IN THE WORLD)

Question 6

The two errors that can affect validity, and possible ways to overcome them

Answer 6

1. Random error: happens due to chance
   - Affect precision
   - Overcome with large enough sample
2. Systematic error due to bias
   - Affect accuracy
   - Overcome with proper design and

Question 7

Outline the steps in selecting the sample

Answer 7

1. Determine target ppn, well-suited to resh qn
2. Determine accessible ppn representative of target ppn and available
3. Sampling: Use a way to get accessible ppn which are easy to study

Question 8

The four important values for responsible conduct of research

Answer 8

Abbrieviation: A Hoe

1. Accuracy (avoiding errors)
2. Honesty (no fabrication)
3. Objectivity (let facts speak)
4. Efficiency (resource usage)