L1 - Hawaii

Question 1

Define hydraulic action

Answer 1

This is the force of water hitting the cliff and squeezing air into the cracks in the rock

Question 2

Define abrasion

Answer 2

This is the force of the bits of rock carried in the water blasting into the cliff

Question 3

Define corrosion / solution

Answer 3

This is a chemical reaction between the sea water and the minerals in the rocks

Question 4

Define attrition

Answer 4

This is the process of rocks hitting each other and breaking into smaller rocks

Question 5

What are the 4 coastal erosion types ?

Answer 5

Abrasion
Corrosion
Attrition
Hydraulic action

Question 6

What does a wave size depend on?

Answer 6

Strength of the wind

How long the wind blows for

Length of the water that the wind blows over (fetch)

Question 7

Define swash?

Answer 7

The White foamy water that rushes up the coast carrying material, when a wave breaks

Question 8

Define backwash?

Answer 8

The flow back to the sea after the waves have broken carrying some material back into the sea

Question 9

Explain how a wave is created?

Answer 9

Waves are created by wind blowing over the the surface of the sea. As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created - producing a swell in the water. The energy of the wind causes water particles to rotate inside the swell and this moves the wave forward

Question 10

List some factors of sea level rise

Answer 10

Low lying areas more exposed to sea water - such as the Netherlands, Thames Estuary and Maldives

Question 11

List some factors of storms at sea

Answer 11

Higher waves/tides/water(depressions). Coastal flooding is a risk - 24hr flood lines

Question 12

In what condition are destructive waves created?

Answer 12

Storm conditions

Question 13

What are destructive waves created for?

Answer 13

They are created from big, strong waves when the wind is powerful and has been blowing for a long time

Question 14

When do destructive waves occur?

Answer 14

They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch

Question 15

What are the Key facts of destructive waves ?

Answer 15

They tend to erode the coast
They have a stronger backwash than swash
They have a short wave length and are high and steep
High frequency
They have a tall breaking power (breaks downwards with a great force)

Question 16

In what condition are constructive waves created?

Answer 16

They’re created in calm weather, not much wind and are less powerful than destructive waves

Question 17

What do constructive waves do?

Answer 17

They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches (sediment pushed up the beach)

Question 18

Key Features of a constructive wave?

Answer 18

They have a swash that is stronger than the backwash
They have a long wavelength, and are low in height
Low frequency

Question 19

Which wave has a stronger backwash, than swash?

Answer 19

Destructive wave

Question 20

Which wave has a long wavelength, and are low in height

And have a Low frequency ?

Answer 20

Constructive wave