L1 AND L2 Flashcards
defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.
Research
Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories.
Research
a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.
Research
It is a process of inquiring
Research
is continuous understanding of making known the unknown.
Research
is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”.
inquiry
It is a problem solving technique.
inquiry
The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human senses
Nature of inquiry
Individuals carry on the process of _______ from birth till death.
inquiry
_______ is synonymous with the word investigation
Inquiry
has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”
Investigation
It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
Investigation
is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail.
immersion
To inform action.
Purpose of research
To prove or generate a theory.
Purpose of research
To augment knowledge in a field or study.
Purpose of research
Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
Empirical
Follows system or step-by-step procedures
Systematic
Research is based on valid procedures and principles
Logical
Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
Cyclical
Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
Analytical
Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
Critical
Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.
Methodical
The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results
Replicability
Any problem of extraordinary nature that directly and indirectly affects any profession is a feasible problem to study
feasible
Research involves the objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to any profession or to different fields or disciplines
Objective
The choice of variables used in the study should be explained by researcher.
clear
Step 1 in research
Research Problem
Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem
- Researcher‘s area of interest
- Availability of funds
- Investigator‘s ability and training
Step 2 in research
Review of Related Literature
Step 3 in research
Methodology
Step 4 in research
Data Gathering Activities
Step 5 in research
DATA Analysis
Step 6 in research
new insights gained, conclusions and recommendations.
Step 7 in research
Define new problem
open ended questions for ____
qualitative research
closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire for _____
for quantitative research
Process and analyze data using thematic analysis for ____
for qualitative research
statistical tools for ___
for quantitative research
Formulate new insights gained for ____ and conclusions for ______ and both have ____
for qualitative research,
for quantitative research,
recommendations
Objectivity and integrity
Ethical consideration
Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of subjects from personal harm
Ethical Considerations
Presentation of research findings
Ethical Considerations
Misuse of research role
Ethical Considerations
Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
Ethical Considerations
Distortions of findings by sponsor
Ethical Considerations
This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the
participants in your study.
Informed CONSENT
It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
Honesty
Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation,
peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research
Objectivity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.
Integrity
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.
Carefulness
Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Openness
Honor patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property
Respect for INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
Confidentiality
Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their
welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.
Responsible mentoring
Publish in order to advance research and scholarship,
not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
Responsible PUBLICATION
Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do
not outsmart others.
Respect for Colleagues
Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.
social responsibility
Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the
basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
NON-DISCRIMINATION
Maintain and improve your own professional competence and
expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
Competence
Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
Legality
Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in
research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
Animal Care
When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.
Human Subjects protection
They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights.
Human Rights
They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity,
inherent to all human beings.
Human Rights
It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and
a commercial value.
Intellectual Property
It is the use or production of copyright-protected material
without permission of the copyright holder.
Copyright Infringement
means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party
Copyright infringement
People must not be coerced into participating in research
Voluntary Participation
prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their
consent to participate.
Voluntary Participation
It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity
Anonymity
It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known.
Anonymity
It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret.
Privacy
It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.
Privacy
refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes,
and results without giving due credit.
Plagiarism
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:
Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas
Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks
Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
