L1 Anatomy: Pericardium & Heart with Functional correlations Flashcards
Name the structures that supply blood to the fibrous & parietal layer of the Pericardium?
- Internal Thoracic artery
- Pericardiocophrenic Artery
- Descending Thoracic Aorta
Name the structures that supply blood to the visceral layer of the Pericardium?
Coronary arteries
“Space filled with thin fluid between parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium”
Pericardial cavity
Characteristics of the outer fibrous pericardium?
It is well defined and thick to prevent excessive distension of the heart for regulation of heart beat
What innervates the fibrous & parietal layers of the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
What innervates the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Vagus & Sympathetic Nerves
When there’s pain from the fibrous pericardium, it’s carried by the ___________ nerve and felt in the ___________because of ____________________
When there’s pain from the fibrous pericardium, it’s carried by the phrenic nerve and felt in the skin above the clavicle because of the shared nerve root values with the supraclavicular nerves (C3,4)
What are the pericardial sinuses?
- Transverse sinus: It is a transverse gap behind the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
- Oblique sinus: It is part of the pericardial cavity behind the left atrium.
Name the boundaries of the transverse sinus (anteriorly & posteriorly)
Anteriorly: Visceral pericardium covering ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Posteriorly: Visceral pericardium covering anterior surface of the left atrium.
Name the boundaries of the oblique sinus (anteriorly & posteriorly)
Anteriorly: Visceral pericardium covering posterior surface of the left atrium
Posteriorly: Parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium further outside.
The oblique sinus opens ________ into the _____________.
Fingers can be passed just behind the ____________ and traced upwards through this _________ opening of the oblique sinus.
The oblique sinus opens inferiorly into the pericardial cavity.
Fingers can be passed just behind the apex of the heart and traced upwards through this inferior opening of the oblique sinus.
Pericarditis causes the normally smooth serous percardium to become…?
Rough
In case of pericarditis, friction between the two layers of the serous pericardium sounds like?
+ The term for this is called?
The term: pericardial friction rub
It sounds like: the rustle of silk when listening with a stethoscope.
“A chronic inflammation of the pericardium adversely affects the functioning of the heart. There will be accumulation of the fluid in the pericardial cavity, which occurs in certain inflammatory diseases.”
What is this condition called and what function does it prevent the heart from doing?
This condition is termed Pericardial Effusion, it prevents the heart from expanding fully
A globular shadow in a chest radiograph is a key indicator when diagnosing?…
Cardiac tamponade
What is Cardiac Tamponade? And how does it affect the heart?
- It is the compression of the heart due to excessive pericardial effusion.
1- If extensive pericardial effusion exists, the pericardial sac does not allow full expansion of the heart due to tough, nonelastic nature of the fibrous pericardium.
2- It causes a decrease in the cardiac output. (Hypotension, SOB, tachycardia)
What forms the right border of the heart?
Right Atrium
What forms the acute margin of the heart
• Mainly: R. Ventricle
• Partly: L. Ventricle
What forms the obtuse margin of the heart?
• Mainly: L. Ventricle
• Partly: L. Auricle
Apex of the heart:
Its shape?
formed by?
Its location?
Its movement?
Apex of the heart:
Its shape: conical
Formed by: the left ventricle
Its location: situated in the left 5th intercostal space, about 9cm from the median plane
Its movement? remains motionless throughout the cardiac cycle
Which structure of the heart can compress the esophagus (and cause difficulty in swallowing) when enlarged?
A) L. Ventricle
B) L. atrium
C) R. Ventricle
D) R. Atrium
B) L. Atrium
Name the surfaces of the heart
