L1

Question 1

Designing is always about ..

Answer 1

making choices about function, form, structure with some form of intended effect

The intended effect can be:

(1) dersired /unwanted, known/unknown,
(2) in terms of values (technical or fundamental – the quality of care for example, customer needs)

Question 2

5 Core aspects of designing: (Boland & Collopy)

Answer 2

1. MULTIPLE MODELS of possible futures with continuous refinement
2. THROWNNES – not a blank slate, designer is dropped into conditions and has to work his way out it
3. COLLABORATION – no one can know everything
4. LIQUID CRYSTAL – iterations between leaving open and fixing
5. LEGACY – being conscious of the effects of one’s actions

Question 3

Desing thinking (Tim Brown)

Answer 3

• Empathy: what’s the human need behind the business need
• Ideation: using creative tools to generate many possible ideas, push past obvious solutions
• Experimentation: testing ideas with prototyping, making ideas tangible
• Iterative approach: learning from mistakes,

Question 4

4 approaches

Answer 4

1. “Fit” approach (Book)
2. Sociotechnical Systems Design
3. Lean Management
4. Human centred job design

Question 5

Fit approach

Answer 5

According to Burton et al., organisation design involves 5 interrelated aspects: (the diamond model)

1. Goals and scope
2. Strategy
3. Structure
4. Coordination and control
5. Processes and people

These should “fit” together and they should fit the environmental demands
• Stable environments demand a different structure than turbulent environments

Question 6

Burton et al. critique

Answer 6

often aspects of organizational design are implemented / changed independent of each other

Such as: strategy, division of labour and people

Question 7

STS

Answer 7

aka the Dutch approach
Design influences:
• Quality of organisation - ability of org to effectively & efficiently realize and adapt its goals
• Quality of work - meaningfulness of work and possibility to deal with stress
• Quality of work relations - effectiveness of communication in org

Question 8

Lean management

Answer 8

originates from Toyota car factories and US research; very “hip” nowadays.

negative effects of batches and queues in line organization:

1) delays cost time & money;
2) overproduction

organizations can limit these negatives by different approaches on Lean:

1) Oriented on removing waste 
 	2) Aimed at facilitating ‘flow’ – e.g. grouping lines

Question 9

Human centered job design

Answer 9

• Quality of work as a goal in itself:

• Humans have a need to fulfil a meaningful part within a community
• A paid job is one form of income but also fulfils other functions
• They need clarity, variety, personal control, social contact

• Ethical/ normative approach that proposes:

• Human well-being, mental & physical health
• Potential for growth and development

concerned with the content and condition of the job