L04: Ruminant Gastro 2 (Sanchez)

Question 1

ambulatory calves what percent dehydrated?

Answer 1

5-8%

Question 2

weak calves what percent dehydrated?

Answer 2

8-12

Question 3

recumbent calves what percent dehydrated?

Answer 3

12-15

Question 4

basic therapy for recumbent or weak calves with diarrhea

Answer 4

-IV fluid therapy with replacement solution, bicarb supplement. Usually use IV hypertonic followed by oral fluids
+/- Abx
-only withdraw from milk in severe cases, and then only for 24hrs or less
-should see improvement within 6-24hrs

Question 5

basic therapy for ambulatory calves with diarrhea

Answer 5

-ORAL fluids w/bicarb and glucose (4-6L daily) interspersed with milk feeding
+/- Abx

Question 6

differentials for sudden onset adult cow diarrhea WITHOUT oral lesions

Answer 6

• Salmonellosis
• Winter Dysentery
• Paratuberculosis
• Coccidiosis
• Arsenic toxicosis
• Parasitism
• BVD

Question 7

differentials for sudden onset adult cow diarrhea WITH oral lesions

Answer 7

• mucosal dz
• Rinderpest
• malignant catarrhal fever

Question 8

most common cause of acute diarrhea in adult cattle

Answer 8

Salmonella

Question 9

trans. of Salmonella

Answer 9

direct or indirect (S. dublin can transfer vertically)

-usually occurs sporadically in the herd

Question 10

Dx/Tx of salmonella

Answer 10

• bacterial culture of feces
• rectal biopsy
• differentiate from BVD and Winter Dysentery
• Tx: fluids, NSAIDs, +/- Abx

Question 11

Winter Dysentery

Answer 11

• explosive outbreaks of diarrhea in adult cattle between Oct. and April
• most likely caused by Coronavirus
• highly contagious
• high morbid, low mort. (moves through herd quickly)

Question 12

CS of Winter Dysentery

Answer 12

• Fever
• acute fetid watery d
• dec. appetite, milk prod.
• usually resolves within 5 days

Question 13

Tx of Winter Dysentery

Answer 13

-non-specific
+/- blood transfusion
-herds sustain immunity for 2-3 yrs

Question 14

Johne’s Disease

Answer 14

-caused by MAP

Question 15

CS of Johne’s Disease

Answer 15

• CHRONIC, intermittend diarrhea without blood (cattle>sheep>goats)
• dec. milk prod.
• weight loss
• edema

Question 16

when does most infection with MAP occur?**

Answer 16

early in life. However, dz of older cattle due to long incubation period

Question 17

prevalence of Johne’s disease in US cattle

Answer 17

70% US dairy herds

5-10% US beef herds

Question 18

Dx of Johne’s Disease in cattle

Answer 18

• In herd: determine herd MAP status by environmental testing/ELISA on subset of population
• In individual: ELISA, fecal culture, PCR

Question 19

Dx of Johne’s Disease in SR, camelids

Answer 19

SR: ELISA
Camelids: fecal PCR

Question 20

Control of Johne’s Disease

Answer 20

• herd biosecurity!
• raise your own replacements
• manure control
• enforce biosecurity
• document herd status with repeated diagnostic testing
• manage/cull infected

Question 21

Prevention of Johne’s Dz

Answer 21

• remove calves from cows and clean cows
• don’t pool colostrum
• rear calves separate from adults
• use milk replacers
• avoid manure contamination
• use clean water sources
• vaccination: most effective in SR
• genetic selection