Equine Gastro 2 Pt.2 (Sanchez) Flashcards
other tx for chronic diarrhea
- diet modification
- bioSponge
- Probiotics
- Transfaunation
tx for sand enteropathy
psyllium mucilloid
change env.
dx of sand enteropathy
abdominal rads
Right Dorsal Colitis
- consequence of NSAID use
- causes PLN –> hypoalbuminemia
CS of Right Dorsal Colitis
colic, d, weight loss, inappetence, icterus, ventral edema, hypoalbumin
Dx of R dorsal colitis
Hx
hypoalbumin
U/S
Tx of R dorsal colitis
-avoid NSAIDs!
-small frequent meals of pellets
-psyllium
+/-sucralfate, metronidazole
Causes of peritonitis
GI perf
Iatrogenic (rectal tear, castration)
Trauma (post-foaling)
Post-op (A. equuli)
Dx of peritonitis
- Ab tap has high bacteria/lactate, low Glu
- U/S
Tx of peritonitis
exploratory Abx lavage NSAIDs analgesics
Proliferative enteropathy
- inflammatory condition of older foals
- caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
CS of Lawsonia intracellularis
edema variable fecal consistency weight loss or ill thrift colic panhypoproteinemia increased SI wall thickness
Dx of Lawsonia intracellularis
Fecal PCR
serum Ab
Tx of Lawsonia intracellularis
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
(good prognosis)
Meconium retention
most common cause of colic within first 24-48hrs of life**
CS: strain, colic, dark/tarry feces in rectum
Meconium retention tx
enema IV fluids pain management lubricant avoid sx
Causes of non-infectious diarrhea in foals
foal heat diarrhea (most common**)
nutritional (ie. milk replacers, lactose intolerance)
asphyxia related gut injury
misc.
foal heat diarrhea
- most common non-infectious cause of D
- Tx usually not required!
- timing with mare’s foal heat
- probably due to eating feces to establish flora
1ary vs. 2ary lactose intolerance
1ary: congenital lactase deficiency
2ary: infectious diarrhea (rotavirus, Clostridium)
- both result in osmotic diarrhea in large colon
- tx: withdraw milk, supplement lactase
classic sign of asphyxia-related gut injury
sticking tongue out.
-usually self-resolves, although foal is severely ill
4 main causes of infectious diarrhea
sepsis
bacterial
viral
parasites
50% of foals with diarrhea are bacteremic**
:)
usual source of salmonella infection in foals
mare
Clostridium perfringens
within first 48hrs of life**
healthy, vigorous foals prior to onset
causes bloody diarrhea**
Type C worse than Type A
Clostridium difficile in foals
- similar as in adults
- affects any age
- enteritis +/- hemorrhagic diarrhea
most common infectious cause of diarrhea in foals**
rotavirus
-highly contagious!
tx of rotavirus
supportive
+/- abx
maternal vaccine
isolation!!
