Equine Gastro 2 Pt.2 (Sanchez)

Question 1

other tx for chronic diarrhea

Answer 1

• diet modification
• bioSponge
• Probiotics
• Transfaunation

Question 2

tx for sand enteropathy

Answer 2

psyllium mucilloid

change env.

Question 3

dx of sand enteropathy

Answer 3

abdominal rads

Question 4

Right Dorsal Colitis

Answer 4

• consequence of NSAID use

- causes PLN –> hypoalbuminemia

Question 5

CS of Right Dorsal Colitis

Answer 5

colic, d, weight loss, inappetence, icterus, ventral edema, hypoalbumin

Question 6

Dx of R dorsal colitis

Answer 6

Hx
hypoalbumin
U/S

Question 7

Tx of R dorsal colitis

Answer 7

-avoid NSAIDs!
-small frequent meals of pellets
-psyllium
+/-sucralfate, metronidazole

Question 8

Causes of peritonitis

Answer 8

GI perf
Iatrogenic (rectal tear, castration)
Trauma (post-foaling)
Post-op (A. equuli)

Question 9

Dx of peritonitis

Answer 9

• Ab tap has high bacteria/lactate, low Glu

- U/S

Question 10

Tx of peritonitis

Answer 10

exploratory
Abx
lavage
NSAIDs
analgesics

Question 11

Proliferative enteropathy

Answer 11

• inflammatory condition of older foals

- caused by Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 12

CS of Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 12

edema
variable fecal consistency
weight loss or ill thrift
colic
panhypoproteinemia
increased SI wall thickness

Question 13

Dx of Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 13

Fecal PCR

serum Ab

Question 14

Tx of Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 14

Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines
(good prognosis)

Question 15

Meconium retention

Answer 15

most common cause of colic within first 24-48hrs of life**

CS: strain, colic, dark/tarry feces in rectum

Question 16

Meconium retention tx

Answer 16

enema
IV fluids
pain management
lubricant
avoid sx

Question 17

Causes of non-infectious diarrhea in foals

Answer 17

foal heat diarrhea (most common**)
nutritional (ie. milk replacers, lactose intolerance)
asphyxia related gut injury
misc.

Question 18

foal heat diarrhea

Answer 18

• most common non-infectious cause of D
• Tx usually not required!
• timing with mare’s foal heat
• probably due to eating feces to establish flora

Question 19

1ary vs. 2ary lactose intolerance

Answer 19

1ary: congenital lactase deficiency
2ary: infectious diarrhea (rotavirus, Clostridium)
- both result in osmotic diarrhea in large colon
- tx: withdraw milk, supplement lactase

Question 20

classic sign of asphyxia-related gut injury

Answer 20

sticking tongue out.

-usually self-resolves, although foal is severely ill

Question 21

4 main causes of infectious diarrhea

Answer 21

sepsis
bacterial
viral
parasites

Question 22

50% of foals with diarrhea are bacteremic**

Answer 22

:)

Question 23

usual source of salmonella infection in foals

Answer 23

mare

Question 24

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 24

within first 48hrs of life**
healthy, vigorous foals prior to onset
causes bloody diarrhea**
Type C worse than Type A

Question 25

Clostridium difficile in foals

Answer 25

• similar as in adults
• affects any age
• enteritis +/- hemorrhagic diarrhea

Question 26

most common infectious cause of diarrhea in foals**

Answer 26

rotavirus

-highly contagious!

Question 27

tx of rotavirus

Answer 27

supportive
+/- abx
maternal vaccine
isolation!!