L 20-21

Question 1

Alpha receptors

Answer 1

Epi>NE»>Isoproterenol
Alpha1: excitatory, Gq
Alpha2: inhibitory, presynaptic, Gi

Question 2

Alpha1 receptors

Answer 2

Phenylephrine–selective Alpha1
Vasoconstriction
Prostate constriction
Ejaculation
Dilate pupils
Pilomotor erection
Contract GU SM

Question 3

Alpha2 receptors

Answer 3

Clonidine–selective alpha2

Causes decreased NT release causing decreased BP and dry mouth

Question 4

Beta receptors

Answer 4

Isoproterenol high affinity for all beta receptors
Gs coupled
Beta1: Isoproterenol>Epi = NE
Beta2: Isoproterenol>Epi>>>NE
Beta3 Isoproterenol = NE >Epi

Question 5

Beta1 receptors

Answer 5

Dobutamine (selective agonist)

Heart and kidney (renin)

Question 6

Beta2 receptors

Answer 6

Albuterol (selective agonist)
RELAX: bronchi, uterus, GI, BV,
Inc K uptake
Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Beta3 receptors

Answer 7

Lypolysis

relax bladder

Question 8

Sympathetic stimulants that are not catecholamines

Answer 8

Ephedrine

Amphetamine

Question 9

Effect of Phenylephrine on BP and HR

Answer 9

Alpha1 agonist
Causes vasoconstriction=> inc BP
Reflex dec HR

Question 10

Effect of Isoproterenol on BP and HR

Answer 10

Beta agonist
Beta1=> inc HR and contractility=> inc pulse pressure
Bet2=> dec in BP => inc HR (reflex)
Overall: inc HR, dec BP

Question 11

Effect of NE on BP and HR

Answer 11

Alpha and Beta1 agonist
Alpha=> vasoconstriction=> inc BP
Beta1=> Inc CO
With reflex response to inc BP, HR will not change much, but BP will go up
Pulse pressure may not change much

Question 12

Effect of Epi on BP and HR

Answer 12

Alpha and Beta agonist
Alpha=> inc BP
Beta1=> inc HR and pulse pressure
Beta2=> dec BP such that baroresponse is not needed
Overall: inc pulse pressure, inc HR, MAP same

At higher doses, alpha effect accentuated causing inc in BP

Question 13

Phenylephrine

Answer 13

Alpha1 selective agonist

Question 14

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 14

Sudafed

Alpha1 agonist

Question 15

Oxymetazoline

Answer 15

Afrin

Alpha1 agonist used in nasal mucosa

Question 16

Tetrahydrozoline

Answer 16

Visine

Alpha1 agonist used in eyes

Question 17

Clonidine

Answer 17

Alpha2 agonist
acts in brain, reduces NE release=> decreased sympathetic tone in body
Treats hypertension, anxiety
Side effect= dry mouth

Question 18

Apraclonidine

Answer 18

Alpha2 agonist

Used in eye to treat glaucoma by dec Beta2 stimulation

Question 19

Brimonidine

Answer 19

Alpha2 agonist

Used in eye to decrease pressure by dec beta2 stimulation

Question 20

Isoproterenol

Answer 20

Beta agonist

Emergency treatment for cardiac arrest

Question 21

Dobutamine

Answer 21

Beta1 selective

cardiac stress test

Question 22

Albuterol

Answer 22

Beta2 selective
Asthma
Prevents labor
Headache common side effect

Question 23

Ephedrine

Answer 23

Toned down epinephrine

Alpha and Beta agonist

Question 24

Dopamine

Answer 24

Increases renal blood flow

Question 25

Amphetamine

Answer 25

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Displaces NE and DA from vesicles increasing their release, especially in CNS
Increase alertness, activity, decrease sleep, decrease appetite, euphoria

Question 26

Methylphenidate

Answer 26

Ritalin
Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Like amphetamine
Paradoxical decrease in activity with kids

Question 27

Cocaine

Answer 27

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Inhibits reuptake of DA and NE
Amphetamine-like effect but shorter acting and more intense
Can cause hypertension and stroke and psychosis

Question 28

Tyramine

Answer 28

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Found in food
Displaces NE from vesicles causing initial increase in NE release, then replaces vesicles with false transmitter called octopamine which leads to tachyphylaxis (quick no effect)
Usually disabled in GI and Liver by MAO and causes no problems
People on MAO inhibitors may have hypertensive crisis