L-06-Scalp & Muscles Of Facial expression Flashcards
Scalp Layers
1. Q: What are the five layers of the scalp?
- Q: Why is the loose connective tissue layer clinically significant?
A: Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Periosteum.
A: It allows bacteria or fluid to pass freely, leading to infections or bruising spreading from the back of the head to the eyelids.
- Q: What muscle is linked to the aponeurosis in the scalp?
- Q: How can you test the frontalis muscle?
- Q: What nerve innervates the frontalis muscle?
A: The occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
A: Ask the subject to look upwards, which wrinkles the skin above the eyebrows.
A: Facial nerve (CN VII).
Facial Skeleton
6. Q: What are the primary functions of the facial skeleton?
- Q: Name the primary bones of the facial skeleton.
- Q: What is the glabella?
A: Protect the brain, house sense organs, and provide a framework for eating, facial expression, breathing, and speech.
A: Frontal, Maxilla, Zygoma, Nasal, Mandible.
A: A smooth elevation found above and between the eyebrows.
Muscles of Facial Expression
9. Q: What is the primary nerve supply for the muscles of facial expression?
- Q: What are the two main functions of facial muscles?
A: Facial nerve (CN VII).
A: Expression and protection (especially of the eye).
- Q: Name three muscles of the lips.
- Q: What muscle helps in whistling and suckling in neonates?
- Q: What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and what are their functions?
A: Zygomaticus major, Orbicularis oris, Mentalis.
A: Buccinator.
A: Palpebral part (closes eyelids gently), Orbital part (closes eyelids tightly).
- Q: What is the function of the frontalis muscle?
- Q: Which muscle elevates the eyelid but is not a facial expression muscle?
A: Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead.
A: Levator palpebrae superioris.
Blood Supply of the Face
16. Q: What are the major arteries supplying the face?
- Q: Where can the facial artery pulse be palpated?
A: Superficial temporal artery, Transverse facial artery, Facial artery.
A: At the base of the mandible, anterior to the masseter muscle.
Venous Drainage of the Face
18. Q: Name the two main veins responsible for venous drainage of the face.
- Q: What two veins join to form the superior vena cava (SVC)?
A: External jugular vein, Internal jugular vein.
A: The left and right brachiocephalic veins.
Sensory Innervation of the Face
20. Q: What is the primary nerve responsible for sensory innervation of the face?
- Q: What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
- Q: What nerve supplies sensation to the area in front of and below the ear?
A: Trigeminal nerve (CN V).
A: Ophthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2), Mandibular (V3).
A: Great auricular nerve (C2, C3).
