-L-01-02-Skull-Osteology

Question 1

Basic Structure of the Skull
Q: What are the two main parts of the skull?

Q: What are the two components of the cranium

Answer 1

A: The Cranium and the Mandible.

A: The Braincase and the Upper facial skeleton.

Question 2

Major Bones of the Skull
Q: Name the major bones of the skull visible from the frontal view.
Q: Which bones are visible from the posterior view of the skull?
Q: What structures are visible from the lateral view of the skull?

Answer 2

A: Frontal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible.
A: Occipital, parietal, and parts of the temporal bones.
A: Temporomandibular joint, external auditory meatus, zygomatic arch, coronal suture.

Question 3

Sutures of the Skull
Q: What are the four major sutures of the skull?
Q: Where is the bregma located?
Q: Where is the lambda located?

Answer 3

A: Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid, Squamous.

A: At the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures.

A: At the intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures.

Question 4

Fontanelles
Q: What are fontanelles?
Q: What is the function of fontanelles?
Q: When do fontanelles typically close?

Answer 4

A: Soft membranous gaps between skull bones in infants.
A: They allow skull expansion during brain growth and facilitate passage through the birth canal.

A: During early childhood, but some may persist into adult life.

Question 5

Paranasal Sinuses
Q: What is the function of the air sinuses in the skull?

Answer 5

A: They lighten the skull and help with sound resonance.

Question 6

Emissary Foramina
Q: What is the function of emissary foramina?

Answer 6

A: They transmit emissary veins, connecting intracranial dural venous sinuses with extracranial veins.

Question 7

Cranial Fossae
Q: What are the three cranial fossae?
Q: What structures are housed in the anterior cranial fossa?
Q: What are the main features of the middle cranial fossa?
Q: What does the posterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 7

A: Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Cranial Fossae.

A: The frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.

A: Greater wing & body of sphenoid, squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, foramen spinosum, internal auditory meatus.
A: The occipital lobe and cerebellum.

Question 8

Sphenoid Bone
Q: What is the shape of the sphenoid bone?
Q: What important structure does the sella turcica contain?

Answer 8

A: Butterfly-shaped.
A: The pituitary gland.

Question 9

Temporal Bone
Q: What are the six parts of the temporal bone?
Q: What is the mastoid process an important site for?

Answer 9

A: Squamous part, zygomatic process, mastoid process, tympanic part, styloid process, petrous part.
A: Muscle attachment, including the sternocleidomastoid.

Question 10

Tympanic Cavity
Q: Where is the tympanic cavity located?
Q: What does the tympanic cavity contain?

Answer 10

A: In the petrous part of the temporal bone.

A: The bones of the middle ear.