L-05-cranial nerves Flashcards
Cranial Nerve Names & Mnemonic
Q: What is the mnemonic for cranial nerves?
Q: List the cranial nerves in order.
A: “On Old Olympic Towering Tops A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops”
A:
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Spinal Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Cranial Nerves & Skull Exits
Q: Which cranial nerve passes through the cribriform foramina?
Q: Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Q: Which cranial nerve passes through the optic canal?
Q: Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
Q: Which cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?
A: Olfactory nerve (I)
A: Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Ophthalmic branch of Trigeminal (V1), Abducens (VI)
A: Optic nerve (II)
A: Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Spinal Accessory (XI)
A: Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Cranial Nerve Functions
Q: What is the function of the olfactory nerve (I)?
Q: What is the function of the optic nerve (II)?
Q: What is the function of the oculomotor nerve (III)?
Q: What is the function of the trochlear nerve (IV)?
Q: What is the function of the trigeminal nerve (V)?
Q: What is the function of the abducens nerve (VI)?
A: Smell
A: Vision
A: Eyelid and eyeball movement
A: Moves the superior oblique muscle (eye movement downward & laterally)
A: Facial sensation & chewing
A: Moves eye laterally (lateral rectus muscle)
Q: What is the function of the facial nerve (VII)?
Q: What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?
Q: What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?
Q: What is the function of the vagus nerve (X)?
Q: What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve (XI)?
Q: What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?
A: Facial expression, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), secretion of tears & saliva
A: Hearing & balance
A: Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), swallowing, senses carotid blood pressure
A: Autonomic functions (heart rate, digestion), taste
A: Controls sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles (head & shoulder movement)
A: Controls tongue movement
Cranial Fossae & Nerve Locations
Q: Which cranial nerve is located in the anterior cranial fossa?
Q: Which cranial nerves are located in the middle cranial fossa?
Q: Which cranial nerves are located in the posterior cranial fossa?
A: Olfactory nerve (I)
A: Optic (II), Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Trigeminal (V)
A: Abducens (VI), Facial (VII), Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Spinal Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)
Classification of Cranial Nerves
Q: Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?
Q: Which cranial nerves are purely motor?
Q: Which cranial nerves are mixed (sensory & motor)?
A: Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
A: Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)
A: Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)
Cranial Nerve Testing
Q: How is the olfactory nerve (I) tested?
Q: How is the optic nerve (II) tested?
Q: How is the oculomotor nerve (III) tested?
Q: How is the trochlear nerve (IV) tested?
Q: How is the trigeminal nerve (V) tested?
Q: How is the abducens nerve (VI) tested?
A: Smell test using different scents
A: Visual acuity test, visual field test, pupillary light reflex
A: Pupil constriction, eye movement tests
A: Ask patient to look down and in
A: Facial sensation, jaw movement (clenching)
A: Lateral eye movement
Q: How is the facial nerve (VII) tested?
Q: How is the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) tested?
Q: How is the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) tested?
Q: How is the vagus nerve (X) tested?
Q: How is the spinal accessory nerve (XI) tested?
Q: How is the hypoglossal nerve (XII) tested?
A: Smile, frown, close eyes tightly, taste test (anterior tongue)
A: Hearing tests, balance tests
A: Gag reflex, swallowing, taste (posterior tongue)
A: Voice hoarseness, swallowing, gag reflex
A: Shoulder shrug, head rotation against resistance
A: Stick out tongue, look for deviation
