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Physics > KTG and Thermodynamics > Flashcards

KTG and Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Internal Energy definition based on kinetic theory of gases

A

I.E. = Kinetic Energy of the gas as the intermolecular forces between the gaseous molecules is assumed to be zero, hence zero potential energy

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2
Q

Brownian Motion

A

Random motion of the gaseous molecule

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3
Q

Force imparted by one molecule on the container

A

mv^2/3L

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4
Q

What is the value of Vrms, Vavg, Vmp?

A

Vrms =root(3RT/Mo)
Vavg = √8RT/πMo
Vmp = root(2RT/Mo)
The average velocity of gases is 0.

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5
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

PV=nRT
P = Pressure of the gas
V = volume of the gas
n = no. of moles
R = Universal Gas constant
T = Temperature

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6
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Temperature is constant
P is inversely proportional to volume

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7
Q

Charle’s Law

A

Pressure is constant
Volume is directly proportional to temperature

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8
Q

Gay Lussac’s Law

A

Volume is constant.
Pressure is directly proportional to temperature

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9
Q

Avagadro’s Number

A

At same temperature, pressure and volumes, gases will contain equal number of molecules.
N1 = N2

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10
Q

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

A

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reactive gases is equal to sum of individual pressure exerted by each gas

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11
Q

Graham’s law of diffusion

A

Rate of diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to square root of of the density of the gas

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12
Q

Mean Free Path

A

It is the average distance travelled by a gaseous molecule between any two successive collision.

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13
Q

Degree of Freedom

A

Total number of independent term in the kinetic energy of the gaseous moelcule

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14
Q

DOF of monoatomic gaseous molecule and its internal energy

A

3(Translational Kinetic Energy)
Total internal energy = 3nrt/2

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15
Q

DOF of diatomic gaseous molecule and its internal energy

A

DOF = 5(3 translational and 2 rotational)
U = 5nRT/2
U = 7nRT/2(For very high temperature, a vibrational KE is also added)

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16
Q

DOF of polyatomic gaseous molecule (Linear) and and its internal energy

A

DOF = 5(3 translational and 2 rotational)
U = 5nRT/2

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17
Q

DOF of polyatomic gaseous molecule (Non-Linear) and and its internal energy

A

DOF = 6(3 translational and 3 rotational)
U = 3nRT

18
Q

Mayer’s Formula

A

Cp=Cv+R

19
Q

Value of change in internal energy

A

nCv△T

20
Q

Types of thermodynamic system

A

Open System - Both energy and matter can be exchanged between system and surrounding
Closed System - Only energy exchange is possible
Isolated System - Neither energy nor matter can be exchanged between system and surroundings

21
Q

Work done by an ideal gas

A

dW = PdV
Work done is the area under the PV curve

22
Q

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

If A and B are in thermal equilibrium, and B and C are in thermal equilibrium, then A and B are in thermal equilbrium.

23
Q

First Law of Thermodynamic

A

Q = △u + Workdone

24
Q

What is the specific heat capacity?

A

Q=mS△T
m =mass of the substance
△T = Change in temperature

25
Q

Molar Heat Capacity

A

Q = nC△T
n = no. of moles

26
Q

Internal Energy is a function of

A

△T
It only depends upon the initial and final point, and not on the path followed. Hence is a state function

27
Q

Molar Heat Capacity at constant volume and pressure

A

Constant Volume: Q = nCv△T
Constant Pressure: Q = nCp△T

28
Q

Work done by Isobaric, Isochoric, Adibatic and Isothermal

A

W = nr△T, 0, nRTlnv2/v1 or nRTlnP1/P2, -nR△T/y-1

29
Q

Conditions for adibatic process

A

PV^y = Constant
TV^y-1 = Constant
P^1-yT^y = Constant

30
Q

Work done by polytropic process(PV^x = constant)

A

Work done = nR(T1-T2)/x-1

31
Q

Free Expansion of a gas

A

Expansion of gas by doing no work done, and the moles are accordingly distributive

32
Q

Cvmix

A

n1Cv1+n2Cv2/(n1+n2)

33
Q

Cpmix

A

n1Cp1+n2Cp2/(n1+n2)

34
Q

ymix is

A

Cpmix/Cvmix

35
Q

Latent Heat

A

Amount of heat required to change the state or phase of a substance at their melting point and boiling point without the change in temperature

36
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

Heat required to change 1unit of ice at 0 degree to 1 unit of water at 0 degree without any change in temperature

37
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporisation

A

Heat required to change 1unit of water at 100 degree to 1 unit of water vapour at 100 degree without any change in temperature

38
Q

Efficiency of cyclic process

A

Total work done/ Heat absorbed

39
Q

Efficiency of the heat engine

A

Total Work/Heat Absorbed
1-Q2/Q1, where Q2 is the heat gain without change in temperature and Q1 is the heat giving change in temperature

40
Q

Clausius Statement

A

It is impossible for self acting engine to transfer the heat from colder body to hotter body without external aid.

41
Q

Kelvin-Planck Statement

A

It is impossible to design an engine that extracts heat and fully utilised it into work without producing any other effect.

42
Q

Coefficient of Performance

A

Heat Absorbed/Work done

Physics (12 decks)

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