KT2 - NVC Flashcards
AMRC for Argyle, Alkema and Gilmore
A:to compare verbal and nonverbal cues
M:participants listened to messages and spoken in three different tones of voice and rate them between 1 and 7
R:the tone of voice has 3 times the effect than verbal messages
C:nonverbal cues are more important than verbal cues
Who did a case study about vocal cues
Argyle, Alkema and Gilmore
Evaluation for Argyle, Alkema and Gilmore
- Lacks ecological validity because it was done in labs settings
- participants were informed they were listening to messages delivered in different tones of voice
- findings support real life
Who did a case study about pupil dilation?
Hess
AMRC for Pupil Dilation
A:to see the effect pupil dilation has on emotion
M:participants were shown 2 pics-one had enlarges pupils, the other had reduced pupils
R:participants said they preferred the enlarged pupils however they could not explain why
C:pupil dilation has an unconscious but powerful effect on emotion
Evaluation for pupil dilation
- This helps us to understand what to do to make conversation run smoothly
- pupil dilation is an unconscious signal for emotion
- you don’t make eye contact when you first meet someone so you don’t know whether you’re attracted to them or not
Who did a study on facial expressions?
Sackeim
AMRC for facial expressions
A:to see the link between facial expressions and the hemispheres of the brain
M:participants were given pictures of people’s faces showing different emotions which were cut down the middle and then put together.
R:people preferred the left half and it’s reflection because it looked warmer
C:the left side seems to express much more expression than the right
Evaluation for facial expressions
- other research has shown we contain emotions in the right hemisphere of the brain
- this study helps us to understand why we prefer certain profile pictures compared to others
- we can’t accurately judge someone’s emotion by a picture
Who did a case study on eye contact?
Argyle
AMRC for eye contact
A:to see if eye contact affects conversation
M:pairs of participants had a conversation, half way through one participant put on a pair of sunglasses
R:after glasses were worn, there were many more interruptions than before
C:eye contact is key for the smooth flow of conversation
Evaluation for eye contact
- not an everyday situation so lacks ecological validity
- further studies on eye contact support the findings
- held in lab settings
Who did a case study on personal space
Willis
AMRC for personal space
A:Willis wanted to see if age has an effect on personal space
M:he observed almost 800 participants in different social situations
R:people tended to stand closer to those of their own age and further from those old/younger than themselves
C:age difference will affect the amount of personal space there will be between people.
Evaluation for personal space
- doesn’t take gender or social status into account
- further research supports study
- ethical consideration; no informed consent or right to withdraw
