KT1- Memory Flashcards
Amrc for reconstructive memory
A:to investigate whether memories can be altered to own values
M: participants read war o/the ghosts and had to recall it over days,weeks,months
R:participants changed words that were culturally diverse e.g canoe to boat
C:memories are changed to fit schemas
Who came up with reconstructive memory?
Bartlett
Who came up with the Multi Store Model of memory
Murdoch
AMRC for Multi Store Model
A:to investigate free recall and it’s affect on a person’s memory
M:participants were asked to learn a list of words and free recall them
R:words presented early in the list or at the end of the list were more often recalled
C:words early in the list are put in the LTM and words at the end of the list are put in the STM
Evaluation of Multi Store Model
- we do not learn long lists of words in real life
- this model of memory does not explain how we process information
- there is plenty of research to support murdoch’s findings
Evaluation for Bartlett
- very old study, if done now the findings would be different
- unfamiliar/complicated study
- the findings from the study have been supported
Who came up with Levels of Processing?
Craik and Lockhart
AMRC for Levels of Processing
A:to see if the type of questions about a word will have an effect on the number of words recalled
M:participants were given a list of words and asked questions about these words answering yes or no depending on the way the words processed (structural,semantic,phonetic)
R:participants identified the majority of words that required semantic processing
C:the more deeply info is processed the more likely we are to remember it.
Evaluation for Levels of Processing
- no explanation to why deeper meanings help process the memory
- it could be because it requires more effort that might explain why we are able to recall
- don’t spend time in real life recalling lists of words
Who did a case study about context
Godden & Baddeley
AMRC for Godden & Baddeley
A:to see if context affects our ability to learn and recall information
M: participants divided into 4 groups. 2 of the groups had to learn and recall a list of words in the same context.The other 2 groups learnt and recalled in different contexts.
R:the group that recalled and learnt in the same context recalled more
C:we can recall information better if we recall them in the same context we learnt it
Evaluation for Godden and Baddeley
- the study is repeatable
- it has practical applications
- it was done in a controlled setting
Who did case study for Leading questions?
Loftus and Palmer
AMRC for Loftus and Palmer
A:to test the effect of leading questions on a person’s recall
M:participants were divided into groups and watched a video of a car crashed. Each group was asked question about the crash but a different verb was used for each group (smashed/hit)
R:more participants in the smashed group reported the car being faster
C:leading question affect people’s recall
Evaluation of Loftus & Palmer
- repeatable
- unlikely the watch a video of a car accident
- emotions would be different if we saw a real car crash
