Korean Architecture Flashcards
(45 cards)
Built-in 1438 during the reign of King Sejong, was used by the king for astronomical and agricultural observations and research. The name of the structure means “respectful veneration of the ways of heaven.”
Heumgyeonggak Pavilion
It’s characterized by a simple appearance created by connecting two straight-lined houses at a right angle. This layout was preferred by families who wanted a larger yard, even if that meant having a smaller interior compared with the square house. The wood-floored main hall typically connects with the kitchen at the point where the house is angled, thus ensuring greater spatial efficiency and functionality.
L-shaped Hanok
It’s the edge of Hanok’s curvy roofs.
Cheoma
The architectural term describing Korean traditional houses is also referred to as Chosun houses.
Hanok
As in ancientGreekarchitecturecolumns were purposely made thinner at the base, thicker in the middle, and taller at the corners of the building to make them appear truly straight from a distance. It is like the pillar of the Greek temple, ‘Entasis’, but it is characterized by its maximum diameter being one-third of the ground.
Baeheullim
A mausoleum located in Ryongsan-ri, near Pyongyang, North Korea. One of the tombs is the royal tomb of the founder of the ancient Goguryeo kingdom, northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In total, there are 63 individual tombs of the period. The area contains at least fifteen known tombs believed to belong to various vassal lords. The tomb has achieved World Heritage status as part of the Complex of Goguryeo Tombsinscribed by UNESCO in 2004.
Tomb of King Tongmyong/Dongmyeong
The stream that runs underneath the bridge is known as Geumcheon. All Joseon royal residences had similar streams and bridges which symbolized purifying oneself before entering.
Yeongjegyo Bridge
It’s characterized by the location of the wood-floored main hall (maru) and the kitchen in the central portion of the building, with the bedrooms situated in the wings, thus creating symmetry and balance. Such houses also tended to feature a gabled or hip-and-gable roof.
U-shaped Hanok
The architectural term describing Korean traditional houses is also referred to as Chosun houses.
Hanok
The kingdom oversaw an unprecedented flourishing in culture and arts with developments in architecture, ceramics, printing, and papermaking. The kingdom was repeatedly invaded by the Mongols in the 13th century and thereafter became less independent and more culturally influenced by their northern neighbors. It is the origin of modern Korea’sEnglish name.
Goryeo Dynasty
In Korea, it is a kind of bracketing unit system that has a layer composed of bracketing units (gongpodae) densely arranged side-by-side. In several single-story Buddhist halls, this type of bracketing unit layer is placed not only under their eaves, which is their usual position, but also, inside the roof structure. These double-layered interior bracketing unit systems are sometimes used for decorating ceilings, and sometimes for supporting the main framework of the roof structure.
Tap’o/Dapo style
It’s the Hanok clay tile roof.
Giwa
Located in Ji’an, Jilin province China, the former capital of Goguryeo. The pyramid was “rediscovered” in 1905. The base of the pyramid measures approximately 75 meters on each side, about half the size of the Egyptian pyramids, and is eleven meters in height. The pyramid is composed of 1,100 dressed stone blocks. Large stones, each measuring approximately 3 x 5 meters were placed around the base of the pyramid and can still be seen today. The monumental size of the tomb suggests that the Goguryeoelite were very powerful, and the kingdom had the ability to mobilize large numbers of people for building projects.
Tomb of the General (Pyramid of the East)
The construction of this complex was completed in 1395 at the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty during the reign of King Taejo. The name of the complex, which means “palace greatly blessed by Heaven,” was built in the heart of Seoul surrounded by Mount Bugaksan and Mount Namsan.
Gyeongbokgung Palace
The Stone Pagoda is truly unique and can be found on the 10 won coin. Only one of the four lions at its corners can be seen on site. A second one can be seen in the British Museum. A small part of the stone railings has been slightly damaged during the strong earthquake which occurred in Gyeongju in September 2016.
Dabotap Stone Pagoda
Korean Architecture is built according to this unit of measurement, the distance between two posts (about 3.7 meters) and is designed so that there is always a transitional space between the “inside” and the “outside.”
K’a
The five-story pagoda is representative of Paekche art, is well balanced, and is a beautifully executed masterpiece.
Chongnimsa Pagoda
It is a building sometimes found in a larger temple complex, usually on the eastern side of the main courtyard in front of the beopdang [Main Dharma Hall], facing to the west. It is dedicated to Amita-bul[Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise] and enshrines his image along with related Bodhisattvas, and symbolically replicates his Western Paradise (heaven where spirits of the departed can hear him continuously preaching the entire Dharma without worldly difficulties or distractions/temptation, and so can easily progress towards enlightenment).
Muryangsu Hall of Pusŏk Temple
In Korea, this roof is best characterized as four slanted sides, including chu-nyeo. the front-and-back sides are the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, and the right-and-left sides are triangular. As stated above, prestigious buildings—meant for class and authority—these roofs were features of peripheral/special cases such as strongholds or private homes. In China, however, this type of roof structure is broadly used for palaces and government offices.
Ujingak Roof
The northern gate protected GyeongbokgungPalace from attacks from the north. It features a single entrance and one-storey pavilion.
Sinmumun Gate
One of the Three Kingdoms which ruled over ancient Korea from the 1st century BCE to the 7th century CE. Controlling territory in the southwestern part of the peninsula the kingdom was in constant rivalry with the other two kingdoms of the period: Silla and Goguryeo, and the neighboring Gaya confederation. The kingdom was noted for its high culture, many aspects of which are exported to its ally Japan.
Baekje Dynasty
The kingdom was founded by the powerful Goryeo(918–1392) military commander Yi Seong-gye, who named it Joseon. Yi Seong-gye moved the capital to Hanyang (now Seoul) and allied himself with a group of reform-minded Confucian scholars, who reorganized Korean society using the teachings of Confucius as their guiding principles. These teachings emphasized order and peace based on the cultivation of harmonious interpersonal relationships and proper conduct.
Joseon Dynasty
The two-storey hexagonal pavilion was built on a small island in the middle of a lake on the northern grounds of GyeongbokgungPalace.
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion
It’s made of stones cut to the size and shape of bricks and resembles a brick pagoda: Only three of the original nine storeys now remain. Stone beasts are stationed at the four corners of its foundation and stone images of Vajradhara, guardian deities of the temple, at either side of the niches of the body of the pagoda.
Mojeon-seoktap
