KORE 2310 Three Kingdoms Flashcards
What are the main rivers in Korea?
- 압록강 (Yalu River)
- 두만강 (Tumen River)
- 대동강 (Taedong River)
- 한강 (Han River)
- 낙동강 (Nakdong River)
These rivers are significant geographical features in Korea.
What is the weather like in Korea during Spring and Fall?
Mild and pleasant
Korea experiences distinct seasonal weather patterns.
What is the Northern Origin theory regarding the origins of Korea?
Migrated from the northern region of continental Asia
This theory contrasts with the Southern Origin theory.
What does the term ‘Tungustic race’ refer to?
Anthropologically associated with the Northern Origin theory
It suggests a specific racial lineage for early Koreans.
What language family is related to the Korean language?
Altaic Language Family: Koreanic
This classification places Korean within a broader linguistic context.
When was Korea founded according to historical references?
BC 2333
This date is often cited in ancient texts and historical accounts.
What significant cultural periods are identified in the Korean peninsula?
- Paleolithic Age (700,000 BC to 10,000 BC)
- Neolithic Age (6,000 BC)
- Bronze Age (15-10th C BC)
These periods mark the development of early Korean society.
What is 고조선 (Go-Joseon)?
Ancient Korea: a tribal society
It is considered one of the earliest Korean states.
Who is Tangun?
Mythological founder of Go-Joseon
Tangun is a central figure in Korean mythology.
What role did Hwanung play in Tangun’s mythology?
Ruler and religious hierarch
Hwanung’s control over natural elements reflects agricultural society.
What are the three major kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period?
- Koguryeo
- Paekje
- Silla
These kingdoms played a crucial role in Korean history.
What significant event occurred in Koguryeo in 372?
Buddhism was officially recognized
This marked a major cultural shift in the kingdom.
What is the significance of the Kolphum system in Silla?
Rank status from hereditary credentials
Only the ‘holy bone’ status could ascend to the throne.
What was the outcome of the Silla-Tang alliance?
Unification of Korea under Silla’s control
This alliance led to significant territorial expansion.
Fill in the blank: The Yemaek tribe in 고조선 (Go-Joseon) migrated south to form alliances known as _______.
Samhan
Samhan refers to the three Han states.
Which kingdom was known for its advanced civilization and cultural exchanges with Japan?
Paekje
Paekje played a crucial role in transmitting Buddhism and culture to Japan.
What was the significance of Queen Sunduk in Silla?
No gender discrimination; women had rights to heirship and finance
This reflects progressive social structures in Silla.
What is the historical timeframe of the Koguryeo kingdom?
37 BC - 668 AD
Koguryeo was one of the most powerful kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period.
What was the capital of Koguryeo during King Jangsu’s reign?
Pyongyang
The capital was moved here for strategic reasons.
True or False: The Kaya Confederacy was absorbed into Silla in 562.
True
This marked the end of the Kaya as an independent entity.
What was the primary economic foundation of the Kaya Confederacy?
Fertile plain areas of the Nakdong River
This region was crucial for agriculture and trade.
What is the economic foundation of Kaya?
Fertile plain areas of the Nakdong River
The Nakdong River is a significant river in South Korea, playing an essential role in the agriculture and economy of the region.
Which two kingdoms absorbed Kaya and in what years?
Kumgwan Kaya in 532 and Tae Kaya in 562
Kumgwan Kaya (금관가야) and Tae Kaya (대가야) were significant parts of the Kaya confederacy.
What was the Silla-Tang Alliance?
An alliance that helped Silla unify Korea, covering only 2/3 of the peninsula
The Silla-Tang Alliance played a crucial role in the unification process during the Three Kingdoms period.
What were the key factors for the unification of the three nations?
Alliance with Tang, internal solidarity, resourcefulness and leadership of ruling class elite
Key leaders included Kim Chunchu and Kim Yusin.
What was the Hwabaek Council?
An organization where the aristocracy gathered to discuss important state matters
The Hwabaek Council was essential for the unity and governance of Silla.
What was the Hwarang system?
A military academy that emphasized loyalty, filiality, trust, and bravery
The Hwarang system was significant in shaping the military and cultural identity of Unified Silla.
Who founded the non-Zen schools in Unified Silla?
Uisang
Uisang was a prominent Buddhist high priest who promoted Buddhist doctrines in Korea.
What were the Five mundane religious precepts established by Wongwang?
- Loyalty to the king
- Filiality to parents
- Trust with friends
- No retreat in war
- Selected killing
These precepts guided the ethical conduct of the Hwarang and influenced broader societal norms.
What notable Buddhist sites were constructed during Unified Silla?
Bulguksa and Seokguram
Both sites are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites and represent the cultural and architectural achievements of the period.
What led to revolts in the 9th century during Unified Silla?
Excessive taxation, tributary payments, compulsory labor, and famine
These socio-economic issues created widespread discontent among the populace.
Who was Chang Po-go and what did he establish?
A high-ranking official who established Chonghaejin, a naval base on Wando
Chang Po-go played a crucial role in protecting maritime trade and combating piracy.
What was the Later Three Kingdoms period?
A period marked by the establishment of Hubaekje and Hugoguryeo
This period followed the decline of Unified Silla and saw the rise of new political entities.
Who founded Palhae and when?
Tae Cho-Yung in 698
Palhae was established by Koguryeo migrants and became a significant power in the region.
What ultimately led to the fall of Palhae?
Devastation from a volcanic eruption and political corruption
The fall of Palhae was also influenced by external pressures from the Khitans.
What does the term ‘Koryeo’ refer to?
The name adopted by Wang Kon after establishing the kingdom
‘Koryeo’ is the origin of the modern name ‘Korea’ and signifies the historical continuity from Koguryeo.
True or False: Palhae was considered a successor state to Koguryeo.
True
Historical records indicate that Palhae maintained many customs and practices of Koguryeo.
