KORE 2310 Goryeo Dynasty Flashcards
What are the Three Kingdoms of Korea?
- Koguryeo
- Paekje
- Silla
The Three Kingdoms period lasted from BC 1C to AD 7C.
When was the Goryeo Dynasty established?
918
Goryeo lasted until 1392.
Who established the Goryeo Dynasty?
Wang Kon
Wang Kon ruled from 918 to 943.
What policy did Wang Kon implement regarding the Khitan?
Northern advancement policy
This policy aimed to recover lost territories from Koguryeo and Palhae.
What was the Kiin chedo system?
Hostage system
This system brought the sons of powerful clans to the capital for advice.
What was the Sasimgwan system in Goryeo?
Appointed central government officials as local administrators
This system was used to regulate the countryside.
What was the main capital of Goryeo?
Songak (Kaegyung)
Kaegyung is present-day Kaesung.
What was the significance of the Lotus Lantern Festival?
To praise Buddha and pray for peace and prosperity
The festival originated from Silla and was held annually.
What reforms did King Kwangjong initiate?
- Strengthened king’s authority
- Freed slaves of powerful clans
- Implemented state examination system
Kwangjong ruled from 949 to 975.
What was the Kukjakam in Goryeo?
National higher education
It later became known as Thahak.
What was the class structure in Goryeo compared to Silla?
Much more open
Goryeo allowed opportunities for public office to all civilians except slaves.
What was Goryeo’s relationship with the Sung Dynasty?
Pro-Sung policy
Goryeo became a tributary state of Sung in 963.
Who defeated the Khitan during their invasion?
General Kang Kam-chan
This led to diplomatic relations with Goryeo.
What cultural exchanges occurred between Goryeo and the Sung Dynasty?
- Sea trade
- Exported raw goods
- Influences on woodblock printing and ceramics
Goryeo exported gold, silver, and ginseng while importing silk and porcelain.
What led to Goryeo’s political dispute with the Jurchen?
Demand to become a vassal state
This caused internal conflict between factions in Goryeo.
Who was Myochung?
An anti-Confucian Buddhist monk
He opposed the authority of aristocrats and suggested moving the capital.
What was the outcome of Myochung’s rebellion?
Confucian authority continued
Military officials later seized power after his rebellion.
What was the result of the coup against civil officials?
Choe family regime took command
This regime lasted from 1196 to 1258.
When did the Mongols invade Goryeo?
1231
Goryeo moved its capital to Kanghwa Island during this time.
What was the result of King Kongmin’s policies?
Restored royal authority and government system
He married a Yuan princess and opposed Mongolian influence.
What was the significance of King Wonjong in Goryeo’s history?
Negotiated peace with the Mongols
He became king after returning from negotiations.
What were 공민’s anti-Yuan policies?
Abolished Mongolian-styled clothing and pigtails, restored government system and royal authority, recaptured the Yenghung region
Collaborated with Yi Cha-chun, father of Yi Sung-gye, the founder of Chosun.
Who was appointed by King Kongmin to initiate bold reforms?
Sin Ton
A Buddhist monk who aimed for land reformation.
What contributed to the failure of Sin Ton’s reforms?
Opposition from conservative factions and charges of treason.
What characterized the society during King U’s reign?
Powerful conservative families with large farmlands tyrannized Goryeo society.
Who were the key military figures in Yi Sung-gye’s Coup d’état?
General Yi Sung-gye and General Choe Young.
What was the outcome of Yi Sung-gye and Choe Young’s military actions?
Defeated Japanese piracy along Goryeo’s coastal regions.
Who opposed Yi Sung-gye during his rise to power?
Choe Young, who sought to remove him.
What significant event did Yi Sung-gye execute at Wihwa Island?
Withdrawal and coup d’état that led to the removal of King U and Choe Young.
What reforms did Yi Sung-gye initiate after establishing the new nation?
Farmland reformation including free confiscation and free distribution.
When was the Joseon Dynasty established?
1392.
What cultural development flourished during the peace period in Goryeo?
Confucian culture.
Which king promoted Neo-Confucianism in Goryeo?
King Kongmin.
What was the role of Sunggyun-gwan in Goryeo?
An educational institute based on Confucianism.
What were the two main functions of Buddhism in Goryeo?
Academic field and moral training.
What significant text was compiled during the 2nd war with the Khitan?
The Tripitaka (Taejanggyung).
What was the significance of the Palman Taejanggyung?
Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage property in 1995.
What does Feng-shui (Geomancy) emphasize?
Divination based on topography and building pibo temples to prevent misfortune.
Who was a key figure in the development of Feng-shui in Silla?
Buddhist monk Tosun.
What was the impact of Goryeo’s literature on the state examination system?
Developed through writing Chinese poetry as a required skill.
What was Goryeo’s representative handicraft?
Ceramics.
How did Goryeo ceramics evolve?
Influenced by Sung ceramics, reaching maturity in the 11th century.
What was the role of Tohwawon in Goryeo?
A government office in charge of paintings.
Who authored the Samguk sagi?
Kim Pu-sik.
What was the significance of the Chikchi simche Yojul?
Oldest metal printed book from Goryeo, ahead of Gutenberg Bible by 77 years.
What was a major agricultural advancement during King Kongmin’s reign?
Large production of cotton clothing.
