Exam #3 Flashcards
What is the difference between the volume of open spaces in a rock and the volume of grains within a rock?
Porosity
The hydrological cycle is the movement of water through different _______?
Reservoirs
Prior to the 1800s, climate energetics and the evolution of the biosphere on the Earth relied on the reflection of energy back to the surface of the Earth via a ________ greenhouse effect.
Natural
The ___________ are the product of three different types of variation in the Earths orbit, and the result in changes to the global climate.
Milankovitch Cycles
Glaciers form at polar latitudes; they can also form at _______ altitude nearer to the equatorial regions.
High
_________ is how we classify the balance between the energy coming to the Earth from the Sun and the energy radiated back out into space.
Climate Energetics
Permeability varies with _______.
Pathways
The ________ Ice Sheet is under the greatest amount of threat of melting due to a wet base and large ice shelves.
West Antarctic
Glacial advance and retreat is the change in distance between the toe of the glacier and the _______.
Origin
The advance of a glacier requires a(n) ________ in the elevation of the equilibrium line.
Decrease
The _______ of an earthquake is described using the severity of the damage observed.
Intensity
A ________ glacier is a river of ice constrained to within a small area of a mountain.
Valley
A ________ is the name of the high topography barriers between drainage basins.
Divide
These layers are deposited in a pond of stagnant water with no presence of flora or fauna. To understand their relative timing, we would consider the principle(s) of _________.
Original Horizontality and Superposition
The thick ice that covers the entirety of Greenland is called a(n) ________.
Ice Sheet
The greatest amount of mass of ice is in the _______.
East Antarctic Ice Sheet
The output of light energy from the entire disk of the sun is _______.
Solar Irradiance
You are standing on one side of a fault that is vertical. You observe the other side moving to the side relative to yourself. This is a ________ fault.
Strike-slip
Weather and climate are the same process within climate systems.
False
The ________ is the boundary between the upper aeration zone and the lower saturation zone.
Water Table
The amount of water that is available for infiltration into the ground reflects a balance between __________ and ________.
Evaporation and Precipitation
The long timescales that are necessary to replenish groundwater reservoirs are one of the causes of problems with the _________ of groundwater.
Mismanagement
Precipitation will collect and run out within a single ________.
Drainage Basin
During the last 20 years,solar irradiance has a _______ correlation with the temperature record, however the CO2 record has a ________ correlation with the temperature record.
Poor, Good
Which of the process are critical to the hydrological cycle?
Runoff, Evaporation, and Precipitation
A well sorted, completely cemented sandstone would have _______ porosity and _______ permeability.
Low, Low
Climate energetic is comprised of several positive feedback loops that are clearly delineated and don’t interact together.
False
The natural greenhouse effect has driven both positive and negative changes in the temperature during the time period humans have been present on Earth.
True
During the period of time where anthropogenic climate change has been active, we have seen a constant increase in temperature with no decrases.
False
