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History > KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: Unit 2 - NORMAN ENGLAND > Flashcards

KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: Unit 2 - NORMAN ENGLAND Flashcards

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1
Q

Which Anglo-Saxon king died in 1066 with no clear heir?

A

Edward the Confessor

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2
Q

Which Anglo-Saxon Earl was crowned following the death of the King?

A

Harold Godwinson

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3
Q

What did William claim happened in 1051, which lay at the root of his claim?

A

Edward the Confessor promised him the English throne

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4
Q

Which Viking king of Norway also claimed the English throne?

A

Harold Hardrada

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5
Q

Who betrayed Harold Godwinson by joining the Vikings?

A

Tostig (his brother)

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6
Q

In what month and year did the Battle of Hastings take place?

A

October, 1066

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7
Q

What were William’s heavily armoured soldiers on horseback called?

A

Knights

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8
Q

What 70m long embroidered cloth depicting the Norman conquest of England?

A

Bayeux Tapestry

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9
Q

What did Harold’s army form, which the Normans found it difficult to break through?

A

Shield-wall

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10
Q

How did Harold Godwinson die, according to the Bayeux Tapestry?

A

An arrow to the eye

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11
Q

The Norman Conquest When was William the Conqueror crowned king of England?

A

Christmas Day, 1066

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12
Q

Where was William the Conqueror crowned king of England?

A

Westminster Abbey

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13
Q

What type of castles did Norman nobles first build on their newly acquired English land?

A

Motte and Bailey Castle

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14
Q

What collection of nobles and clergymen would advise the king?

A

Royal Court

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15
Q

What event took place in 1069, following an Anglo-Saxon rebellion in Durham?

A

The Harrying of the North

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16
Q

How many people are claimed to have starved to death following this event?

A

100 000

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17
Q

Which Anglo-Saxon noble led a last stand against Norman power in East Anglia?

A

Hereward the Wake

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18
Q

In what town did he base his rebellion?

A

Ely

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19
Q

According to legend, what was the name of his sword?

A

Brainbiter

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20
Q

What did William force all surviving Anglo-Saxon nobles to do?

A

Swear him an oath of loyalty

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21
Q

What form of social organisation ranks people according to status or power?

A

Hierarchy

22
Q

What did you call anyone below you in the feudal system?

A

Vassal

23
Q

Which rank came just below the king in the feudal system, and ruled land on his behalf?

A

Barons

24
Q

Roughly how many Barons existed in medieval England?

A

200

25
Q

What did this rank of people have to do for the king, in return for being granted land?

A

Fight

26
Q

What term describes a title that is passed through a family, from parents to their children?

A

Hereditary

27
Q

What pledge of loyalty would a vassal have to swear to their lord?

A

Fealty

28
Q

What rank, usually a farm labourer, was at the bottom of medieval society?

A

Peasant

29
Q

What vitally important book did William the Conqueror commission in 1086?

A

The Domesday Book

30
Q

For what primary purpose did William the Conqueror have the Domesday Book written?

A

Taxation

31
Q

What period in English history did Henry II’s reign directly follow?

A

The Anarchy

32
Q

What area of land in France did Henry II gain through his marriage to Eleanor?

A

Aquitaine

33
Q

What name was given to the Empire that Henry II ruled?

A

Angevin Empire

34
Q

What position did Henry II give to his friend Thomas Becket in 1162?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

35
Q

What did Thomas Becket wear to show how religious he was?

A

Hair shirt

36
Q

What offence caused Thomas Becket to go into exile in France for four years?

A

Calling Henry II’s brother a ‘bastard’

37
Q

In what year was Thomas Becket murdered?

A

1170

38
Q

Where was Thomas Becket murdered?

A

Canterbury Cathedral

39
Q

What is a person who is killed for their beliefs, often religious, called?

A

Martyr

40
Q

What did Henry II order the monks and bishops of Canterbury do to him in 1174?

A

Whip him

41
Q

From who did John try to steal the English throne whilst he was fighting a crusade?

A

Richard I (the Lionheart)

42
Q

Who did King John imprison, and possibly kill, for being a rival to the throne?

A

His nephew Arthur

43
Q

What term describes expulsion from the Catholic Church by the Pope, as happened to King John in 1209?

A

Excommunication

44
Q

What did the Pope order in 1209, which caused English churches to close for five years?

A

Interdict

45
Q

What nickname did King John gain for his defeats on the battlefield?

A

‘Softsword’/’Lackland’

46
Q

What is a ruler who refuses to share their power, and governs in a cruel and oppressive way, called?

A

Tyrant

47
Q

What series of promises, meaning ‘the Great Charter’, did the Barons force King John to sign?

A

Magna Carta

48
Q

In what year did King John sign this series of promises?

A

1215

49
Q

Where did King John sign a series of promises signed?

A

Runneymede

50
Q

What group of people in particular wrote negative accounts of King John following his death?

A

Monks

History (15 decks)

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