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skills usa basic health care skills > knowledge of nutrition > Flashcards

knowledge of nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are vitamins

A

enable chemical relations to occur in the body. they help release the energy trapped in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

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2
Q

what is vitamin C

A

protects against infections, found in fruits

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3
Q

what are minerals

A

they play a role in the nervous system functioning, water balance and structural system and helps regulate many pf the body’s activities, transmit signals to and from the brain

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4
Q

what are carbohydrates

A

there are 2 types : simple and complex
they are the main source of energy, the energy is converted from then and stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen

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5
Q

what are fats

A

help regulate blood pressure and play role in the synthesis and repair of vital cell parts. carries needed vitamins through the system, stores energy

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6
Q

what are proteins

A

these are composed of amino acids which the body needs for growth and repair. maintain body tissues, provide calories for the body, and important for enzymes to increase rate of chemical bodily reactions

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7
Q

what is water

A

allows us to maintain our hydration levels and reduces the onset of dehydration. also acts as a solvent and lubricant to transport nutrients and waste and a temperature regulator

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8
Q

what is fiber

A

can also be known as roughage. it helps the digestive system function properly and keeps it healthy and helps excretion as well as reducing constipation

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9
Q

define simple carbohydrates

A

these are sugars ( ex. glucose and fructose) which are broken down in the body to give a quick release of energy

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10
Q

what are some examples of protein

A

can include eggs, dairy products ( like milk and cheese) and red meat and fish

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11
Q

what are some examples of minerals

A

can be found in meat, cereals, fish, milk and dairy foods, vegetables, fruits ( especially in dried fruits) and nuts

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12
Q

what is vitamin a

A

helps the eyes adjust to darkness, keratosis vs. liver toxicity, headaches, bone problems. Essential for night vision and maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes

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13
Q

what are B Complex vitamins

A

help carbohydrate, fat and protein produce energy

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14
Q

what is vitamin c

A

helps the body fight infections and heal wounds. collagen, antioxidant, immune, iron absorption

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15
Q

define vitamin d

A

works with calcium to build strong bones and teeth

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16
Q

what is vitamin e

A

keeps oxygen from destroying other nutrients and cell membranes

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17
Q

what are whole grains

A

the types of grains that are recommended b y the USDA

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17
Q

define vitamin k

A

plays a significant role in blood clotting processes.

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18
Q

what is skim milk

A

this type of milk contains all of the nutrients of whole milk except fat

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19
Q

how many nutrients are there and what are they

A

there are 6 and they are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

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20
Q

what are some carbohydrate food sources

A

bread, cereal, pasta, and dry beans

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21
Q

what are some vitamin a food sources

A

carrots, kale, sweet potato

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22
Q

what are some vitamin B6 food sources

A

turkey breast, pistachios, pinto beans, chicken breast, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds

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23
Q

define some vitamin c food sources

A

oranges, red/green bell peppers, kale, broccoli, strawberries

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24
Q

what are some vitamin d sources

A

sardines, salmon, tuna, cod liver oil, sun, milk

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25
Q

what are the nutrients in minerals

A

calcium and iron

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26
Q

what are some calcium rich foods

A

cheese, yogurt, milk, almonds, figs

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27
Q

what are some iron rich foods

A

grass fed beef, black beans, raisins, spinach

28
Q

what are water food sources

A

carrots, watermelon, cucumbers, strawberries, tomato, green peppers

29
Q

what is vitamin e

A

important to vision, reproduction, and the health of your blood, brain and skin. also has antioxidant properties.

29
Q

what are fat food sources

A

meat, margarine, cheese, oil, salad dressing

30
Q

what are some vitamin e sources

A

wheat germs, whole grain, seed oil

31
Q

what is folic acid

A

necessary for the formation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis

31
Q

what is vitamin B1 (thiamin)

A

it is critical for the function and growth of cells as well as metabolism energy

31
Q

what are some vitamin B1 ( thiamin ) sources

A

can include whole grains, meat, and fortified cereals

31
Q

what is vitamin B2 ( riboflavin)

A

plays a key role in energy production and the metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids

32
Q

define vitamin B3 (niacin)

A

crucial for converting food into energy and is a precursor for NAD, a coenzyme involved in over 400 enzymatic reaction

32
Q

what are sources for vitamin B2 ( riboflavin)

A

can include eggs, organ meats, lean meats, and green vegetables

33
Q

what are some sources of vitamin B3 (niacin)

A

plant based sources can include nuts, legumes and grains

34
Q

what is vitamin B5 ( pantothenic acid)

A

is essential for synthesizing coenzyme A, which is vital for fatty acid metabolism

35
Q

what are some vitamin B5 sources

A

can include beef, chicken , organ meats, whole grains and various vegetables

36
Q

what is Vitamin B6 ( pyridoxine)

A

is involved in over 100 enzyme reactions, primarily related to protein metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis

37
Q

what are some Vitamin B6 sources ( pyridoxine)

A

can be fish, beef liver, starchy vegetables and fortified cereals

38
Q

what is Vitamin B9 ( folate)

A

is crucial for the DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism, particularly in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine

39
Q

what are food sources for Vitamin B9 ( folate )

A

can include dark green leafy vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fortifies grain products

40
Q

define vitamin B12 ( cobalamin)

A

is vital for red blood cell formation, neurological function and DNA synthesis

41
Q

what are Vitamin B12 sources

A

can be fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products

42
Q

what is biotin

A

biotin acts asa. cofactor for carboxylase involved in fatty acid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism

43
Q

what sources can biotin be found in

A

organ meats, eggs, fish, nuts and certain vegetables like sweet potatoes

44
Q

what are the three interrelated processes that act on food to prepare it for use

A

digestion, absorption, and metabolism

45
Q

the elimination of indigestible or unusable substances …

A

excretion

46
Q

what is the first step in preparing food

A

digestion

47
Q

during ____ food is broken down mechanically and chemically in the gastrointestinal tract into forms small enough for absorption into the blood lymphatic system

A

digestion

48
Q

a long muscular tube that extends through the body from the mouth to the anus is called

A

the alimentary canal

49
Q

what six things does the alimentary canal include

A

the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

50
Q

muscle rings that separate segments of the alimentary canal and control the passage of food is called

A

sphincters

51
Q

what lines the alimentary canal and secretes mucous?

A

the mucosa

52
Q

what lubricates the alimentary canal and helps facilitate the smooth passage of food?

A

mucus

53
Q

name 3 organs that lie outside of the alimentary canal, are considered part of the digestive system, and make important contributions to the digestive process

A

the gallbladder, liver and pancreas

54
Q

what is the second largest single organ in the body

A

the liver

55
Q

what is the primary digestive function of the liver

A

the production of bile

56
Q

what breaks down fat

A

bile from the liver

57
Q

a narrow tube that permits the movement of fluid from one organ to another

A

the hepatic duct

58
Q

what concentrates and stores bile until it needed in the small intestine

A

the gallbladder

59
Q

on average, how much bile is secreted each day

A

2 to 3 cups

60
Q

secretes enzymes that are involved in the digestion of all the energy nutrients

A

the pancreas

61
Q

the physical breaking down of food into smaller pieces is called

A

mechanical digestion

62
Q
A
63
Q
A

skills usa basic health care skills (3 decks)

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