Knowledge Check Quizzes Flashcards
What should you avoid doing before tasting wine?
Avoid wearing scented perfumes, eating strongly flavored foods or brushing your teeth
What color are the majority of red wines?
Ruby
What color are red wines with a blue or purple hue?
Purple
What color are red wines with an orange or brown hue?
Garnet
What color are red wines that are more brown than red?
Tawny
What are the primary floral aromas?
Blossom, rose, violet
What are the primary citrus fruit aromas?
Grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange
What are the primary tropical fruit aromas?
Banana, lychee, mango, pineapple, passion fruit
What are the primary herbaceous aromas?
Green bell pepper, grass, tomato leaf, asparagus
What aromas in wine are created by post-fermentation winemaking?
Secondary
What tertiary aromas are associated with white wines?
Caramel, honey, almond, orange marmalade
What is the structural compound in red wines that can sometimes have a bitter taste than lingers in the back of your mouth?
Tannin
What are the sweetness descriptors from least sweet to most sweet?
Dry
Off-Dry
Medium
Sweet
What are the ABV measures for low alcohol wine?
Below 11%
What are the ABV measures for medium alcohol wine?
Between 11-13.9%
What are the ABV measures for high alcohol wine?
Above 14%
True or False: We can describe a wine that has fruit flavors which last for a long time as having a long finish
True
A wine that is high in acidity but lacking in fruit flavor could be described as ______
Unbalanced
______ flavored food can overwhelm a dry wine.
Highly
True or False: With dishes containing sugar, a general rule is to select a wine that has a LOWER level of sweetness than the dish
False - select a wine with a HIGHER level of sweetness than the dish
What characteristic in wine may complement fatty foods?
High acidity
What effect does acidity in food have on wine?
Wine seems LESS drying, bitter and acidic, MORE fruity
What effect does sugar in food have on wine?
Wine seems MORE drying, bitter and acidic
What is the recommended service temperature for serving sweet wines?
Well Chilled 43-46F
What is the recommended service temperature for serving sparkling wines?
Well Chilled 43-50F
What is the recommended service temperature for serving full bodied white wines?
Lightly Chilled 50-55F
What is the recommended service temperature for serving full bodied red wines?
Room Temperature 59-64
To keep a wine fresh when opened you can use a ______ system, that removes air from inside the wine bottle with a pump
Vacuum
To keep a wine fresh when opened you can use a ______ system, that pumps harmless gas into the bottle and pushes air inside out as a result
Blanket
What is cork taint caused by?
A chemical called TCA
Failure of ______ is a wine fault that happens when unwanted oxygen interacts with the wine and oxidizes it
Closure
True or False: a refrigerated wine will keep its freshness/fruitiness for longer than a wine stored at room temperature
True
What does a vine need to produce a healthy crop of grapes?
Sunlight Water Carbon Dioxide Warmth Nutrients
What is the correct order for stages of grape formation and ripening?
Flowering
Fruit Set
Verasion
Ripening
Which latitudes north and south of the equator mark the temperature zones where most vineyards are found?
30-50 degrees
What effects do clouds have on grape ripening?
Clouds block sunlight, slowing photosynthesis and ripening
True or False: Vines are typically pruned in summer when the grapes are ripening
False
If the term “Botrytis” is on a wine label what does that indicate?
That the grapes used to make the wine have been affected by noble rot
If the term “Eiswein” is on a wine label what does that indicate?
That the grapes have been frozen on the vine prior to pressing
What is a GI?
A legally defined vineyard area within a country
What are the two categories of GI’s in the European Union divided into?
PGI
PDO
Is the AOC appellation a PDO or PGI?
PDO
Is the Vin de Pays appellation a PDO or PGI?
PGI
Is the DOCa appellation a PDO or PGI?
PDO
Is the DOC and DOCG appellations a PDO or PGI?
PDO
What is the typical order of events in white winemaking?
Crush Press Ferment Storing/Maturation Bottling/Packaging
What is the typical order of events in red winemaking?
Crush Ferment Drain Press Storing/Maturation Bottling/Packaging
Compared with red wine, what temperature are white wines generally fermented at?
Lower temperatures
If grapes are fermented in a concrete vessel will it add any flavors to red wine?
No
If a winemaker wants to allow small amounts of oxygen to dissolve in wine during maturation which vessel would they use?
Oak Barrel
What are 4 ways to produce sweet wine?
- Kill the yeast by adding alcohol before all the sugar has been converted into alcohol
- Remove the yeast using filtration before all the sugar has been converted into alcohol
- Use grapes with concentrated sugar causing yeast to stop fermenting before all the sugar has been converted into alcohol
- Adding sweetness to a dry wine
The process for producing dry rose wines by fermenting black grapes with their skins for a shorter period of time is call short _____
Maceration
True or False: Rose wines can be made by blending red and white wine?
True
What is the correct term for extracting color and tannins by using a plunger to push the grape skins down into fermenting grape juice
Punching down
What flavors does lees contact impart to wine?
Biscuit and bread
What does the labeling term Auslese indicate?
Dr Schmitt
Riesling Auslese
Mosel
A dry or sweet wine made from carefully selected extra-ripe bunches
What flavors are associated with Riesling made from just-ripe grapes?
Green Fruit (apple, pear) Citrus (Lemon/Lime)
What flavors are associated with Riesling made from extra-ripe grapes?
Stone fruit (Peach, Apricot) Tropical fruit (mango, pineapple) dried fruit (dried apricot, raisins)
Which of these GI's produce Chardonnay? Marlborough, New Zealand Alsace, France Walker Bay, South Africa Burgundy, France
Marlborough, New Zealand
Walker Bay, South Africa
Burgundy, France
What are the characteristics of a typical cool-climate Chardonnay?
High acidity and flavors of green fruits (apple, pears), citrus fruits (lemon, lime) and wet stones
What are the characteristics of a typical Sauvignon Blanc?
High acidity and flavors of green bell pepper/capsicum, asparagus, apple and gooseberry.
Which PDO's are known for producing Sauvignon Blanc? Pouilly-Fume AOC Sancerre AOC Graves AOC Mersault AOC
Pouilly-Fume AOC
Sancerre AOC
Graves AOC
Match the correct characteristics to Italian-style Pinot Grigio or French-style Pinot Gris - Simple, unoaked, light in body
Italian Pinot Grigio
Match the correct characteristics to Italian-style Pinot Grigio or French-style Pinot Gris - typically short finish
Italian Pinot Girgio
Match the correct characteristics to Italian-style Pinot Grigio or French-style Pinot Gris - can develop notes of honey in the bottle
French Pinot Gris
Match the correct characteristics to Italian-style Pinot Grigio or French-style Pinot Gris - medium to full in body
French Pinot Gris
What appellation is permitted to use the labelling term Vendanges Tardives?
Alsace AOC
Which white variety is the only white variety permitted in Sancerre AOC and Pouilly-Fumé AOC?
Sauvignon Blanc
What characteristics do Viognier wines typically have?
Pronounced floral aromas (blossom) and stone-fruit flavors (peach, apricot)
What characteristics do typical Semillon wines from the Hunter Valley, Australia, have?
Dry, light bodied, low alcohol
Which grape variety is grown in Veneto, Italy, and is the most important grape variety in the wines of Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC?
Garganega
T or F: Tokaji Aszú wines are produced in a wide range of styles: dry, off-dry, medium, and sweet.
False
What grape variety is used to make Sauternes?
Semillon
Vouvray AOC, located in the ____ Valley in France is a PDO for the grape variety _______
Vouvray AOC, located in the LOIRE Valley in France is a PDO for the grape variety CHENIN BLANC
What vessels are typically used for the maturation of wines made with Viognier?
inert vessels
Which PDO is associated with Albariño?
Rías Baixas DO
T or F: The most famous region for Gewurztraminer is Bourgogne AOC in France.
False - its Alsace
What does the labelling term Puttonyos indicate?
The level of sweetness in Tokaji Aszú wines
What type of vessels are typically used for the maturation of Pinot Noir?
older oak and/or large barrels
What are the characteristics of a typical Bourgogne Pinot Noir?
A light- to medium-bodied wine with low tannins, high acidity and fresh red-fruit flavors
What regions are famous for producing Cabernet Sauvignon? Stellenbosch, South Africa Margaret River, Australia Bordeaux, France Walker Bay, South Africa Hawke's Bay, New Zealand Oregon, USA Napa Valley, USA Yarra Valley, Australia
Stellenbosch, South Africa Margaret River, Australia Bordeaux, France Hawke's Bay, New Zealand Napa Valley, USA
Which variety is Merlot often blended with?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Which black grape varietal (syrah, Cab/Merlot, Pinot Noir is each AOC appellation associated with? Cote Rotie Croze-Hermitage Medoc Pommard Bourgogne
Cote Rotie - Syrah Croze-Hermitage - Syrah Medoc - Cab/Merlot Pommard - Pinot Noir Bourgogne - Pinot Noir
T or F - Cabernet Sauvignon grows well in cool climates.
False
What appellations are on the Left Bank and which are on the Right Bank of Bordeaux? Médoc AOC Pauillac AOC Pessac-Léognan AOC Pomerol AOC Saint-Émillion AOC Saint-Émillion Grand Cru AOC
Médoc AOC - Left Pauillac AOC - Left Pessac-Léognan AOC - Left Pomerol AOC - Right Saint-Émillion AOC - Right Saint-Émillion Grand Cru AOC - Right
The Northern Rhône in France and Barossa Valley in Australia are two important regions for which black grape variety?
Syrah/Shiraz
In which climate will Syrah/Shiraz not ripen fully?
Cool climate
What aromas and flavors would you expect in a typical Cabernet Sauvignon? Strawberry Red cherry Mint Blackcurrant Green bell pepper/capsicum Black cherry
Mint
Blackcurrant
Green bell pepper/capsicum
Black cherry
Which region is the most important region for the production of Gamay?
Beaujolais
What climate does Grenache/Garnacha need to ripen successfully?
Warm
Tempranillo is an important blending component in wines from which PDOs?
Ribera del Duero
Rioja
Catalunya
What grape variety is the most important black grape variety in Argentina?
Malbec
What is the only grape variety permitted in the wines of Barolo DOCG?
Nebbiolo
Which PDOs are associated with which styles of wine?
Valpolicella DOC
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
Recioto della Valpolicella
Valpolicella DOC - Typically a light-bodied and fruity wine
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG - A dry to off-dry red wine made from partially dried grapes
Recioto della Valpolicella - A sweet red wine made from partially dried grapes
What grape varietal is associated with Barbaresco DOCG?
Nebbiolo
What grape varietal is associated with Gavi DOCG?
Cortese
What grape varietal is associated with Chianti DOCG?
Sangiovese
What grape varietal is associated with Priorat DOCa
Garnacha
The labelling terms used in Spain to reflect the style and quality of wine are:
Joven
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC is in which region of Italy?
Abruzzo
T or F: The first step to producing nearly all sparkling wines is to make a base wine, which typically has medium sweetness and low acidity?
False - base wine is dry with high acid
Which sparkling wines use the traditional method in their production?
- Prosecco
- Cava
- Asti DOCG
- Champagne
Cava
Champagne
During tank method production, yeast and _____
are added to the dry base wine. The yeast convert the sugar into alcohol and ____ ____ , and to stop this gas from escaping, the second fermentation must take place in a _____ vessel.
During tank method production, yeast and _SUGAR____
are added to the dry base wine. The yeast convert the sugar into alcohol and __CARBON _DIOXIDE___ , and to stop this gas from escaping, the second fermentation must take place in a __SEALED___ vessel.
The _____ is a sediment that forms in the bottle during second fermentation, and can impart flavours of biscuit and bread to the wine.
Lees
What is the correct order for producing traditional method champagne?
- Second fermentation and yeast autolysis
- Riddling
- Disgorgement
- Dosage
- Resealing
In the traditional method, what is the aim of riddling?
Impart flavors (biscuit, bread) to the wine
Trap the lees in a plug of ice
Form a sediment of lees in the bottle
Move the deposit of lees into the neck of the bottle
Move the deposit of lees into the neck of the bottle
Which grape varieties typically form the base wine for Champagne?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Meunier
T or F: The tank method can be used if the winemaker does not want to add flavors associated with autolysis to their wine.
True
Which sparkling wines are examples of tank fermented sparkling wines? Champagne Méthode Cap Classique Asti DOCG Prosecco DOC
Asti DOCG
Prosecco DOC
T or F: In the Asti method, the fermentation is stopped by filtering out the yeast before all the sugar has been converted to alcohol, resulting in a wine that is low in alcohol, dry and sparkling.
False - the resulting wine is sweet not dry
What is fortification?
The addition of sugar to a wine.
The addition of alcohol to a wine.
The addition of sugar and alcohol to a wine.
The addition of cultured yeast to a wine.
The addition of alcohol to a wine
Which grape varieties are used for the production of Sherry?
Palomino & Pedro Ximenez
Which characteristic is NOT associated with Fino Sherry?
Flavors from oxidative ageing (walnuts and caramel)
Pronounced flavors of biscuit, bread and dough
Aromas of apple and almonds
Lemon in color
Flavors from oxidative ageing (walnuts and caramel)
Does fortification in Sherry take place after fermentation or when fermentation is interrupted by the addition of grape spirits to the wine?
Fortification in sherry takes place AFTER fermentation
Does fortification in Port take place after fermentation or when fermentation is interrupted by the addition of grape spirits to the wine?
Fortification in Port takes place when fermentation is interrupted by the addition of grape spirits to the wine
What are the dry sherry styles?
Fino
Oloroso
Amontillado
T or F: Port is a fortified wine that is produced in Jerez de la Frontera?
False - it is produced in Duoro, Portugal
Which are examples of Ruby-style ports? Reserve Ruby Port Late Bottled Vintage Ports Vintage Port Tawny-style Port
Reserve Ruby Port
Late Bottled Vintage Ports
What is the main characteristic of Ruby-style port?
deeply colored and fruity
What is the main characteristic of Vintage Port?
high in tannins and very concentrated flavors
What is the main characteristic of Tawny-style port?
complex notes of dried fruit and deliberate oxidation
Which Sherry can be dry, have flavors of deliberate oxidation and none from flor, and can develop flavors of raisins and prunes? Pedro Ximénez Amontillado Sherry Fino Sherry Oloroso Sherry
Oloroso Sherry
T or F: Vintage Ports are declared every year.
False - they are only declared in the best vintage years
