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WSET Level 2 > In The Vineyard > Flashcards

In The Vineyard Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the skin of the grape contribute to winemaking?

A

Color, tannins, flavor

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2
Q

What does the pulp of the grape contribute to winemaking?

A

Sugar, acid level, water and flavors

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3
Q

What does the stem and seeds of the grape contribute to winemaking?

A

Tannins

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4
Q

Which kind of grape has higher levels of color and tannins in the skin?

A

Black grapes

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5
Q

What does a vine require to grow?

A 
Warmth
Sunlight
Water
Nutrients
CO2
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6
Q

What are the different stages of grape fermentation?

A

Flowering
Fruit Set
Veraison
Ripening

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7
Q

What is “extra” ripening”

A

The process of leaving grapes on the vine past the point when they might normally be harvested so the sugars and acids are concentrated in the grapes - often used to make sweet wine

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8
Q

What is botrytis/noble rot?

A

A fungus that can grown on grapes making tiny holes in the skin causing water to evaporate.
This has the effect of concentrating acids, sugars and flavors in grapes which are then used to make sweet wine

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9
Q

Why would a winemaker allow grapes to remain on the vine in the winter and freeze?

A

To freeze the water in the grapes, concentrating acids, sugars and flavors.
wine made from frozen grapes on the vine is called Icewine/Eiswein

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10
Q

What is the temperature range of cool grape growing climates?

A

62F or below (16.5C)

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11
Q

What is the temperature range of moderate grape growing climates?

A

62F - 65F (16.5-18.5C)

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12
Q

What is the temperature range of warm grape growing climates?

A

65F - 70F (18.5-21C)

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13
Q

What changes occur in grapes when they ripen?

A

Grapes swell with water
Acidity drops
Sugar increases
Flavors develop

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14
Q

How do the flavors of white grapes change as they ripen?

A

Flavors develop from green (unripe?) fruit to stone and/or tropical fruit

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15
Q

How to the flavors of black grapes change as the ripen?

A

Flavors develop from fresh to cooked fruit

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16
Q

What latitudes are most wine-growing regions located between?

A

30-50 degrees north or south of the equator

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17
Q

How does altitude influence growing conditions?

A

Temperature drops with altitude

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18
Q

How does proximity to seas influence growing conditions?

A

Ocean currents can cool warm regions or warm cool regions

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19
Q

How does proximity to rivers influence growing conditions?

A

Rivers reflect sunlight, helping grapes to ripen

They can also retain warmth in cooler seasons providing warmth to vineyards

20
Q

How do clouds, fog and mist affect growing conditions?

A

Clouds, fog and mist can protect vineyards from sunlight and moderate warmer climates

21
Q

How does proximity to mountains affect growing conditions?

A

Mountains can protect growing regions from clouds, rain and cold winds

22
Q

How does slope and aspect affect growing conditions?

A

In moderate and cool climates vineyards sloped TOWARDS the equator receive more heat and light

23
Q

How does soil affect growing conditions?

A

Soil needs to store enough water and nutrients to provide for the vine.
Stony soils can also absorb heat and warm a vineyard

24
Q

What weather extremes can cause problems for grape growers?

A 
Drought
Temperature
Sunlight
Frost
Hail
Rain
25
Q

What are training and pruning?

A

Training ensures vines grown on trellises retain their shape while pruning ensures vines retain their shape. both are necessary to produce a viable crop

26
Q

What is irrigation?

A

In regions that lack sufficient rainfall vines need to be provided with water

27
Q

Why might vines need to be sprayed?

A

To protect them from fungal diseases and small insects

28
Q

What is yield?

A

The measure of the number of grapes produced per unit of area

29
Q

What choice might a grape grower need to make about harvest?

A

How long to let grapes ripen as this affects the style of wine

30
Q

What do GI’s indicate outside the EU?

A

Indicate where the grapes used to make wine were grown

31
Q

What do GI’s indicate inside the EU?

A

Indicated where the grapes are grown. Each GI has extra regulations about where the grapes can be grown and how the wine can be made

32
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the GI’s inside the EU?

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

33
Q

What is a PDO?

A

PDO covers relatively small areas and have tightly defined regulations. most prestigious wines are classified with this term

34
Q

What is PGI?

A

This term covers a wider area and has less strict regulations

35
Q

What are the two French terms for PDO?

A

Appellations d’origine protegee (AOP)

Appellations d’ origine controlee (AOC)

36
Q

What are the two French terms for PGI?

A

Indication geographique protegee (IGP)

Vin de pays (VdP)

37
Q

What are two Italian terms for PDO?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garanitita (DOCG)

38
Q

What is an Italian terms for PGI?

A

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

39
Q

What are two Spanish terms for PDO?

A

Denominacion de Origen (DO)

Denominacion de Origen Calificada) (DOCa)

40
Q

What is the Spanish term for PGI?

A

Vino de la Tierra

41
Q

What are two German terms for PDO?

A

Qualitatswein

Pradikatswein

42
Q

What is the German term for PGI?

A

Landwein

43
Q

What does the term Old Vine indicate?

A

A term not legally defined, that is often used to indicate that a wine has a higher quality

44
Q

What does the term Late Harvest indicate?

A

It indicates the grapes have been left on the vine and picked much later.

45
Q

What term indicates the grapes have been affected by noble rot?

A

Botrytis

WSET Level 2 (8 decks)

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