Knowledge Flashcards
Who do the 12 tribes of Israel descend from?
The patriarchal Jacob.
Jacob is the son of Isaac
and Grandson of Abraham
Its through Abraham whom the promise of Canaan, multiplicity, and king descendants contracted
What name is Jacob also known as? What biblical verse confirms this?
Jacob is also known as Israel. He’s referenced as Israel twice in the Old Testament .
Genesis 32:28
”And He said, “Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have struggled with God and with men, and have prevailed.”
Genesis 35:10
”And God said to him, “Your name is Jacob; your name shall not be called Jacob anymore, but Israel shall be your name.” So He called his name Israel.“
Genesis 35:10
Who is Jacob’s father? What verses confirm this?
Jacob’s father is Isaac. Mentioned in Genesis 32:9
“Then Jacob said, “O God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, the Lord who said to me, “Return to your country and to your family, and I will deal well with you”
What did god promise Abraham?
*A covenant between him and Abraham
*He changed his name from Abram to Abraham
*he would multiply exceedingly
* To be father of many nations
*Many kings would descend from him
*Canaan the land to which they’re aliens would be their home
Genesis 17
Genesis 35:10
”And God said to him, “Your name is Jacob; your name shall not be called Jacob anymore, but Israel shall be your name.” So He called his name Israel.“
Genesis 35:10
Genesis 32:28
”And He said, “Your name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have struggled with God and with men, and have prevailed.”“
Genesis 32:28
Where is gods promise to Abram found?
I’m the Old Testament Genesis 17
Abram was 90 years old and
God appears to him establishing a covenant
He commands Abram to walk uprighlty before him and be blameless
Keeping this covenant GOD would multiply Abram and he’d be father of many nations with Kings descending from him
ALL of CaNaan would be he and his descendants homeland
One of the obligations in this covenant is circumcision for all males once they’ve turned 8 days old
To not be circumcised is a breech of contract removing those from the covenant
Abram falls to his face and GOD changes his name to Abraham for he will be father of many nations
Genesis 17:1-14 ESV
”When Abram was ninety-nine years old the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be blameless, that I may make my covenant between me and you, and may multiply you greatly.” Then Abram fell on his face. And God said to him, “Behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations. No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham, for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make you into nations, and kings shall come from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. And I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God.” And God said to Abraham, “As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised. You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring, both he who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be circumcised. So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.”“
What does Abraham mean?
Hebrew origin, meaning Father of a multitude.
Who’s the first Patriarch in Judaism?
Abraham.
What does Israel mean?
Israel is a gender neutral name with Hebrew origins.
Derived from the Hebrew “Yisrael” can be interpreted as “One who struggles with GOD” or “God preserves”
Yisra - to struggle, El - with God
El - generic word for God
When did Israelites settle in Canaan?
Around 1200 BCE/1250 BCE
Prior to settling in Canaan it’s reported that they were nomads from east of the Jordan river.
Israelites came and settled/colonized the area from the inhabitant Canaanites. Canaanites believed to be early ancestors of the Lebanese.
Who are the 12 Tribes of Israel?
Descendants of the Patriarchal Jacob through his wives Leah and Rachel, and concubines Bilhal and Zilpah.
The 12 sons came together to form the Kingdom of Israel(united monarchy).
Formed possibly around 1050BCE
When was the first Jewish temple built?
Known as Solomon’s temple, it was constructed around 957 BC in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah.
Built during the reign of Solomon to house the Ark of the covenant.
No remains of the temple have been found brining it into question by some archeologist. The Temple’s authenticity hinges solely on biblical narrative - II Chronicles 3.
Who destroyed the first Jewish temple and when?
The temple(Solomons temple) was destroyed in 586 BC by Nebuchadnezzar, the King of Babylon.
Nebuchadnezzar exiled the Jews, holding them in captivity in Babylon
Marking the start of the Jewish diaspora
When did the United Kingdom of Israel divide?
The Kingdom split around 930 BCE into the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah
The northern kingdom was made up of ten of the twelve tribes of Israel; the southern kingdom was made up of Judah and Benjamin.
During the reign of Rehoboam people revolted against the heavy taxes levied by Solomon and Rehoboam.
922 to 721 BC, the divided kingdom of Israel began at Solomon’s death. While two southern tribes, Judah and Benjamin, remained loyal to the memory of King David, the northern ten tribes, collectively called Israel, revolted from following Solomon’s son, Rehoboam.
Ten tribes of Israel in the northern part of Israel followed a man named Jeroboam. In comparison, two tribes in southern Israel, Judah, and Benjamin remained loyal to the house of David by following Solomon’s son, Rehoboam.
Who and when was Israel first invaded?
Israel was first invaded in 732 BCE by the Assyrian empire.
Their conquest of North Israel began in 740BC - 1st Chronicles:5:26
Supported by biblical text
2 Kings 17:5-6
Who was the first King of Israel?
Saul (1020 B.C)
Saul was succeeded by Eshbaal > David > Solomon
When did the Assyrian Empire invade ancient Israel?
around 720 BC
In 721 B.C. Assyria swept out of the north, captured the Northern Kingdom of Israel, and took the ten tribes into captivity. From there they became lost to history.
Assyrian’s being modern day Iraqi’s
Historians generally concluded that the deported tribes assimilated into the local population.
When did Babylon conquer Israel?
Israel was captured by Babylon in 597 BCE. This led to the Babylonian Captivity in which Jewish people were exiled from Israel.
scholars cite 597 BCE as the date of the first deportation, for in that year King Jehoiachin was deposed and apparently sent into exile with his family, his court, and thousands of workers. Others say the first deportation followed the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadrezzar in 586; if so, the Jews were held in Babylonian captivity for 48 years
When was Jerusalem first destroyed and who ordered it’s destruction?
586 BCE
Under the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Babylonians first laid siege to Jerusalem in 587 BCE. After months of destruction, the Babylonians were successful in conquering Jerusalem and Judah in 586 BCE
Who destroyed the First Jewish Temple(Solomon’s Temple?
The Temple was destroyed in 586 BC by Nebuchadnezzar, the King of Babylon, when he conquered Jerusalem.
Who freed Jews from Babylonian Captivity?
539ish BC
they were freed by Iranian:Persian leader Cyrus the Great. Allowing them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple 530 BC.
When was the 2nd Jewish Temple built?
6th to 4 century
Secular accounts place the completion of the Second Temple in approximately 516 BCE but some Jewish sources date the completion much later in 350 BCE.
Cyrus II, founder of the Achaemenian dynasty of Persia and conqueror of Babylonia, in 538 bce issued an order allowing exiled Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. Work was completed in 515 bce.
What empire did Cyrus the Great found?
The Achaemenian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great of Iran in 550 BC.
also known as the First Persian Empire
Based in modern-day Iran, it was the largest empire by that point in history, spanning a total of 5.5 million square kilometres (2.1 million square miles). The empire spanned from the Balkans and Egypt in the west, West Asia as the base, the majority of Central Asia to the northeast, and the Indus Valley to the southeast.
What is the Edict of Cyrus?
a proclamation by Cyrus the Great. Issued after the Persians conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire upon the fall of Babylon,
Is mentioned in the Tanakh, which claims that it authorized and encouraged the return to Zion and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem
When did the Macedonian empire invade Israel?
4th Century BC
332 BCE
Following The Siege of Tyre, Alexander III of Macedonia then lead The Siege of Gaza, opening up a pathway and leading to the eventual conquering of Egypt.
Tyre is a city in Lebanon
Following the Siege of Gaza men were killed, while women and children were raped and sold into slavery.
The invasion increased the Jewish diaspora along the Mediterranean (Antioch, Alexandria)
The Achaemenid Empire’s commander “Batis” was brutally executed for refusing to kneel to Alexander. Ropes were forced through his Achilles and he was dragged to death by horse. Batis was a Eunuch noted for his imposing size and strength, despite defeat he never conceded. A notion that enraged Alexander III of Macedonia.
The Siege was part of Alexander’s Military campaigns stretching the Macedonian empire from Greece to Northwestern India.
Who lead the Macedonian empire during The Siege of Gaza?
Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great.
